BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SUNSPOT OBERVERS WITH COMMENTS The initial line gives the first year of observation, the last year of observation, the number of observing days, and the name and location of the observer as it appears in the database. Bibliographic sources and comments follow for each observer. 1769 1769 1 ACKERMANN, J.F, KILIA Sources: Wolf, R., 1861. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 97. (ref. 162). Ackermann, J. F., 1770. Commentarius observationum physico-astronomicarum et meteorologicarum. Kiliae. 1819 1823 977 ADAMS, C.H., EDMONTON Sources: Wolf, R., 1861. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 116-118.(ref. 167). Adams, C. H., 1819-1823. Sunspot Observations (unpublished manuscript). Edmonton. Comments: 1. Observations reduced by Carrington. 1730 1733 367 ADELBURNER, M., NUREMBERG Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 74. (ref. 27) Adelburner, 1735. Commercium litterarium ad Astronomiae incrementum. Norimbergae. Comments: 1. M. Adelburner (1702-1779). 1695 1707 1982 AGERHOLM, C., COPENHAGEN Sources: Agerholm, C., 1714. De maculis in solaribus. Hafnia. Comments: 1. Wolf was unaware of these observations. 2. Gives comments on periods when no spots were seen (i.e., 5/31/1695 to 11/15/1700). 3. He may been giving Roemer's results. Roemer's original observations are now lost. 4. From this comment, it appears he was aware of the May 27-30, 1695 spot. 1876 1882 1940 AGUILAR, MADRID Sources: Wolf, R., 1878. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 5, 188-190. (ref. 367). Wolf, R., 1879. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 5, 259-261. (ref. 391). Wolf, R., 1880. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 5, 304-305. (ref. 414). Wolf, R., 1881. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 6, 54-55. (ref. 438). Wolf, R., 1882. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 6, 164-165. (ref. 456). Wolf, R., 1883. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 6, 346-347. (ref. 478). 1981 1991 3572 AIR FORCE NETWORK Sources: National Geophysical Data Center, 1990. Solar Variability Affecting Earth. CDROM, NGDC-05/1. 1851 1860 124 AIRY, G.B., LONDON Sources: Wolf, R., 1863. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 161. (ref. 185). Airy, G. B., 1851-1860. Manuscript, Greenwich. Comments: 1. George Biddell Airy (1801-1892). 2. Manuscripts now in Cambridge University Library, Cambridge, England. 1719 1727 524 ALISCHER, J.L., JAUER Wolf, R., 1860. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 28- 30.(ref. 149) Alischer, J. L., 1720-1727. Sammlung von Natur- und Medicin. Breslau. Comments: 1. Journals examined by Heis, not Wolf. 2. Called Alischez by Wolf. 3. Alischer kept a sunspot diary, whose present location is unknown, called "Diaria macularum solarium". 4. The supplement to this journal contains sunspot observations, but we have been unable to locate a copy of it. 5. Heis and hence Wolf overlooked some of Alischer's sunspot observations. 1903 1906 672 AMHERST COLLEGE OBSERVATORY Sources: Wolfer, A., 1904. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 174- 175. (ref. 907). Baker, R. H., 1903. Observations of the sunspots at Amherst College Observatory. Astronomical Journal. No. 557. Wolfer, A., 1905. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 195. (ref. 920). Baker, R. H., 1904. Observations of the sunspots at Amherst College Observatory. Astronomical Journal. Nos. 565, 568, and 571. Wolfer, A., 1906. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 226- 227. (ref. 944). Baker, R. H., 1905. Observations of the sunspots at Amherst College Observatory. Astronomical Journal. Nos. 576, 582, and 597. Wolfer, A., 1907. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 269. (ref. 968). Baker, R. H., 1906. Sunspot observations made at the Amherst College Observatory. Astronomical Journal. No. 587. Comments: 1. Robert H. Baker, observer. 1847 1847 ?? ANGER Sources: Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 143. (ref. 61) Anger. Astron. Nachr., No. 642. Comment: 1. These observations not in database. 1737 1737 1 ANONYMOUS, BONONIA Sources: Anonymous, 1737. Eclipse of the sun observed at Bononia. Manuscript. Royal Society Library, London. Comments: 1. Wolf missed these observations. 2. Anonymous observer might be Manfredi. 1822 1830 923 ARAGO, F.D., PARIS Sources: Wolf, R., 1861. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 125- 127. (ref. 169). Arago, F. D., 1854-1859. Manuscript, Paris. Comments: 1. Dominique Francois Jean Arago (1786-1853). 1821 1822 24 ARGELANDER, BONN Sources: Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 146. (ref. 67) Argelander, 1857. Manuscript, Bonn. Comments: 1. Friedrich Wilhelm Argelander (1789-1875). 1688 1693 5 ARNOLD, C., BERLIN Sources: Arnold, C., 1688-1693. Sonnenflecken Beobachtungen in the Kirch family papers. (manuscript), Berlin. Landsberg, H. E., 1908. Variable solar emissions, the 'Maunder Minimum' and climatic temperature fluctuations. Arch. Met. Geophy. Biokl., Ser. B, 28, 181-191. Arnold, C., 1680-1693. Beobachtungen. Paris Observatory, Paris. Arnold, C., 1693. Sonnenfinsternis. Leipzip State Archives, Poland. Comments: 1. Wolf was unaware of these observations. 2. Christof Arnold (1650-1695). 1769 1769 1 BAILLY, J-S., PARIS Sources: Wolf, R., 1860. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 36. (ref. 151 - Histoire de l'Academie royale des Sciences). Bailly, J. S., 1775. Histoire de l'astronomie ancienne, depuis son origine jusqu'a l'establissement de l'ecole d'Alexandrie. Freres Debure, Paris, 526 pp. Comments: 1. Jean-Sylvain Bailly (1736-1793). 1724 1724 1 BANDERIO, J.B., ITALY Sources: Banderio, J. B., 1724. Solar eclipse of May 22, 1724. Giornale di Litterati d'Italia, 36, 292. Comments: 1. Wolf missed this eclipse observation. 1735 1735 1 BARATIER, HALLE Sources: Wolf, R., 1875. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 4, 392-393. (ref. 325). De l'Isle, M., 1788. Memoires pour servir a l'histore et an progres de l'astronomie, de la geographie et de la physique. Petersbourg. 1920 1921 455 BATAVIA Sources: Wolfer, A., 1921. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 65- 66. (ref. 1285). Wolfer, A., 1922. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 89. (ref. 1328). 1859 1859 7 BAXENDALL, J., MANCHESTER Sources: Baxendall, J., 1860. On solar spots. Manchester Litt. Phil. Mag., 1, 104. Baxendall, J., 1860. On the phenomena of groups of solar spots. Manchester Litt. Phil. Mag., 1, 160. Baxendall, J., 1862. On certain phenomena of solar spots. Manchester Litt. Phil. Mag., 2, 8. Baxendall, J., 1862. On the phenomena of groups of solar spots. Manchester, Mem., 21, 186. Comments: 1. Wolf did not examine this journal and so missed these observations. 2. Baxendall, in his 1862 publication (vol. 2, p. 8), mentions sunspot drawings by Williamson of Cheetham Hill for 1849, 1851, and 1859. We have not located these observations. 3. Joseph Baxendall (1815-1887). 1826 1826 1 BEAUFOY, G., BUSHEY HEATH Sources: Beaufoy, G., 1826. Eclipse observation. Memoirs RAS, 3, 103. Comments: 1. Wolf did not examine this journal and so missed this comment: "No spot visible on the sun's disk". 1719 1723 ?? BECKER, J. M., ROSTOCH Sources: Zinner, E., 1952. Altere Beobachtungen von Sonnenflecken. Naturforschende Gesellschaft Bamberg, 33, 36-37. Becker, J. H. and P. Stolte, 1723. Dissertatio academica physico-astronomica de maculis solaribus. Rostochi. 52 pp. Comments: 1. Jo. Herm. Becker. 2. According to Zinner, this dissertation contains sunspot observations that Wolf missed, but we have examined the dissertation and could find no new sunspot observations in it. 1803 1803 1 BEDE, WIEN Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 109. (ref. 34 - Bode's Jahrbuch) Wolf, R., 1871. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 287-302. 1785 1785 1 BEIGEL, G.W.S., DRESDEN Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 77. (ref. 34 - Bode's Jahrbuch) 1791 1791 1 BEITLER, MITAU Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 78. (ref. 34 - Bode's Jahrbuch) Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 109. (ref. 34 - Bode's Jahrbuch) 1906 1906 144 BELAR, LAIBACH Sources: Wolfer, A., 1907. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 268-269. (ref. 967). Comments: 1. A. Belar. 1907 1919 2748 BEMMELEN, BATAVIA Sources: Wolfer, A., 1908. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 306- 307. (ref. 998). Wolfer, A., 1909. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 349- 350. (ref. 1023). Wolfer, A., 1912. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 75. (ref. 1096). Wolfer, A., 1913. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 104- 105. (ref. 1118). Wolfer, A., 1914. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 126- 127. (ref. 1137). Wolfer, A., 1915. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 185- 186. (ref. 1172). Wolfer, A., 1916. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 211. (ref. 1186). Wolfer, A., 1917. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 240- 241. (ref. 1208). Wolfer, A., 1918. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 263- 264. (ref. 1224). Wolfer, A., 1919. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 23- 24. (ref. 1243). Wolfer, A., 1920. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 43. (ref. 1256). Comments: 1. W. van Bemmelen. 1870 1879 2059 BERNAERTS, G.L., ENGLAND Sources: Bernaerts, G. L., 1870-1879. Observations of sunspots, represented as on the Sun's disk, 13 vols. RAS Library, London. Comments: 1. Wolf was unaware of these observations. 2. Drawings examined and reduced by us. 1748 1769 2 BEVIS, J., OXFORD Sources: Wolf, R., 1859. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 300. (ref. 137 - Phil. Trans.) Bevis, J. Phil. Trans., 40, 59. Comments: 1. John Bevis (1695-1771). 1729 1733 47 BEYER, J., HAMBURG Sources: Wolf, R., 1861. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 82 (ref. 159). Wolf, R., 1861. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 115. (ref. 166). Peters, C. H. F., 1860. Letter to Wolf. Wolf, R., 1872. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 4, 119-120. (ref. 296). Niedersachische neue Zeitungen von gelehrten Sachen, 1730. Nos. 159 and 166. Hamburg. 1817 1817 5 BIANCHI, G., MODENA Sources: Wolf, R., 1859. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 240. (ref. 126) 1823 1824 16 BIELA, J., PRAGUE Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 122. (ref. 61) Biela, J., 1824. Astron. Nachr., No. 62. Biela, J., 1827. Astron. Nachr., No. 114. Comments: 1. Baron Wilhelm von Biela (1782-1856). 1876 1879 997 BILLWILLER AND WOLFER, ZURICH Sources: Wolf, R., 1877. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 5, 51-52. (ref. 345). Wolf, R., 1878. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 5, 186-188. (ref. 366). Wolf, R., 1879. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 5, 252-254. (ref. 386). Wolf, R., 1880. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 5, 300-301. (ref. 411). 1872 1875 308 BILLWILLER, ZURICH Sources: Wolf, R., 1873. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 4, 112-113. (ref. 290). Wolf, R., 1874. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 4, 268. (ref. 314). Wolf, R., 1875. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 4, 395. (ref. 327). Wolf, R., 1876. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 4, 419. (ref. 336). 1908 1909 377 BISKE, ZURICH Sources: Wolfer, A., 1909. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 344- 345. (ref. 1016). Wolfer, A., 1910. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 13- 14. (ref. 1043). Comments: 1. Felix Biske. 2. Used same telescope as Wolfer. 1703 1727 130 BLANCHINI, F., VERONA Sources: Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 151. (ref. 78) Blanchini, F., 1737. Observationes Astronomicae. Veronae. Comments: 1. Francesco Blanchini (1662-1729). 1774 1822 67 BODE, J.E., BERLIN Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 77. (ref. 34 - Bode's Jahrbuch) Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 108. (ref. 34 - Bode's Jahrbuch) Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 111. (ref. 34 - Bode's Jahrbuch) Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 112. (ref. 34 - Bode's Jahrbuch) Wolf, R., 1871. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 287-302. Wolf, R., 1872. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 402. (ref. 272 - Histoire et memoires de l'Academie des Sciences de Berlin). Comments: 1. Johann Elert Bode (1747-1826). 1906 1916 1674 BODOCS, OGYALLA Sources: Wolfer, A., 1912. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 78. (ref. 1102). Wolfer, A., 1912. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 78- 81. (ref. 1103). Wolfer, A., 1913. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 112- 113. (ref. 1130). Wolfer, A., 1914. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 134- 135. (ref. 1147). Wolfer, A., 1915. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 183- 184. (ref. 1170). Wolfer, A., 1916. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 213. (ref. 1188). Wolfer, A., 1917. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 236- 237. (ref. 1204). Comments: 1. Stephan Bodocs. 1832 1832 17 BOGUSLAWSKI, P.H.L., BRESLAU Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 115. (ref. 42) Wolf, R., 1864. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 183. (ref. 190). Boguslawski, P. H. L., 1849. Die Sonnenflecken. Wochentl. Unterhaltungen fur Freunde der Astronomie, 2, 236-237. Boguslawski, P. H. L., 1832-1850. Beobachtungsbucher. Manuscripts. University Library Archives, Warsaw. Zinner, E., 1952. Altere Beobachtungen von Sonnenflecken. Naturforschende Gesellschaft Bamberg, 33, 36-37. Comments: 1. Wolf missed his observations in 1832. 2. In 1848-1849 Boguslawski reported about one third as many groups as other observers, so these observations are not in our database. His 1832 observations seem reasonable. 3. Palon Heinrich Ludwig Boguslavski (1789-1851). 1833 1836 101 BOHM, J.G., WIEN Sources: Wolf, R., 1859. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 246. (ref. 132) Bohm, J. G., 1852. Beobachtungen von Sonnenflecken und Bestimmung der Rotationselemente der Sonne. Wein. Comments: 1. Wolf does not tabulate the group counts, but the original publication by Bohm has them. 1847 1849 137 BOND, W.C., HARVARD Sources: Wolf, R., 1879. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 5, 245-246. (ref. 376). Bond, W. C., 1871-1876. Observations of the solar spots 1847-1849 by William Cranch Bond. Annuals of the Astronomical Observatory of Harvard College, 7-8. Bond, W. C., 1847-1849. Letter to Peters. C. H. F. Peters Papers, Hamilton College, Clinton, NY. Comments: 1. Wolf does not tabulate these values in his journal. 2. Four of Bond's observations are in the Peters' papers. 3. William Cranch Bond (1789-1859). 1852 1855 19 BORCK, CASSEL Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 115. (ref. 42) Jahn, 1847-1856. Wochentl. Unterhaltungen fur Freunde der Astronomie, Leipzig and Halle. Borck, J.C.H.A. von, 1853-1854. Sonnenflecken- Beobachtungen im 1-4 Quartai 1853 zu Cassel. Unterhaltungen fur Dilettanten und Freunde der Astronomie, Geographie und Meteorologie. (no daily counts). Borck, 1852. Correspondenznachricht. Wochentl. Unterhaltungen fur Freunde der Astronomie, 374-376. Borck, 1854. Sonnenflecken Beobachtungen im IV Quartal 1853 zu Cassel. Wochentl. Unterhaltungen fur Freunde der Astronomie, 20. Borck, 1854. Sonnenflecken Beobachtungen im I Quartal 1854 zu Cassel. Wochentl. Unterhaltungen fur Freunde der Astronomie, 131. Borck, 1855. Sonnenflecken Beobachtungen vom 19 Septbr bis 3 Novbr 1855 zu Cassel. Wochentl. Unterhaltungen fur Freunde der Astronomie, 18-19. Comments: 1. J. C. H. A. von Borck (or Bork). 2. Observations for 1852 are given in tabular monthly summary stylein Borck's journal article. Wolf has one day for Borck in 1852. 1862 1862 94 BORNITZ, H., LICHTENBERG, BERLIN Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 115. (ref. 42) Lictenburg, 1862. Wochentl. fur Astronomie, Meteorolgie und Geographie, 140-141. 1777 1777 14 BOSCOVICH, R.J., VENICE Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 74. (ref. 30) Boscovich, R. J., 1785. Opera Pertinentia ad Opticam et Astronomiam. 5 vols., Bassani. (vol. 5, pp. 170-178). Comments: 1. Roger J. Boscovich (1711-1787). 1743 1748 2 BOSE, G.M., WITTENBERG Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 47. (ref. 9) Bose, G. M., 1745. Observation du dernier passage de Mercure par le Soleil. Wittenberg. Comments: 1. Georg Matthias Bose. 1656 1656 13 BOSE, J.A., LEIPZIG Sources: Wolf, R., 1874. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 4, 262-263. (ref. 308). Bose, J. A., 1654. Meteora heliaca; sive, De maculis in sole deprehensis dissertatio prior. Lipsiae, 14 pp. Bose, J. A., 1655. Meteora heliaca; sive, De maculis solaribus dissertatio altera. Lipsiae. Bose, J. A., undated. Astronomical observations at Wittenberg. British Library, London. Comments: 1. Johann Andreas Bose. 2. 1655 publication may one examined by Maunder to deduce no sunspots for 1654-1656. See UNKNOWN1 / MAUNDER / JBAA. 1903 1906 359 BOSTON UNIVERSITY OBS. Sources: Wolfer, A., 1901. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 49. (ref. 838). Adams, F. L., A. R. Carl, and E. F. Smith, 1900. Observations of sunspots made at Boston University Observatory. Astronomical Journal, No. 484. Wolfer, A., 1906. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 227. (ref. 945). Avery, A. H., C. S. Ricker, and W. F. Williams, 1905. Observations of sunspots made at Boston University with a 5-inch refractor. astronomical Journal, No. 579. Wolfer, A., 1907. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 271. (ref. 970). Bullfinch, G. G. and H. G. Cole, 1906. Observations of the sunspots, made at Boston University with a 5-inch refractor. Astronomcal journal, No. 588. Wolfer, A., 1902. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 71- 72. (ref. 851). Bruce, R. E. and L. E. Crouch, 1901. Observations of sunspots made at Boston University Observatory. Astronomical Journal. No. 506. Wolfer, A., 1905. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 196- 197. (ref. 922). Bruce, R. E., 1901. Observations of sunspots made at Boston University Observatory. Astronomical Journal. No. 569. Comments: 1. Multiple students observing, so it is not clear if this data set is internally self-consistent. 2. See Oliver and Tillson for earlier Boston University observations. 1660 1660 14 BOYLE, R., LONDON Sources: Wolf, R., 1859. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 295. (ref. 137 - Phil. Trans.) Boyle, R. Phil. Trans., 6. Maunder, E. W., 1922. J. Brit. Astron. Assoc., 51, 101. Comments: 1. Robert Boyle (1627-1691). 1909 1925 1586 BRAAK, BATAVIA Sources: Wolfer, A., 1910. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 18- 19. (ref. 1049). Wolfer, A., 1911. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 44- 45. (ref. 1068). Wolfer, A., 1923. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 107- 108. (ref. 1357). Wolfer, A., 1924. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 125- 126. (ref. 1405). Wolfer, A., 1925. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 145- 146. (ref. 1442). Wolfer, A., 1926. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 166- 167. (ref. 1490). Comments: 1. C. Braak. 1722 1739 4 BRADLEY, J., GREENWICH Sources: Wolf, R., 1863. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 160 (ref. 180) Bradley, J., 1832. Miscellaneous Works and Correspondence of the Rev. James Bradley. Oxford. Comments: 1. James Bradley (1693-1762). 1694 1703 2 BRATTLE, T., BOSTON Sources: Wolf, R., 1859. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 295. (ref. 137 - Phil. Trans.) Brattle, T. Phil. Trans., 24. Comments: 1. Thomas Brattle. 1758 1758 1 BRAUNIO, J.A., ST. PETERSBURG Sources: Braunio, J. A., 1758. Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientarum Imperialis, 1, 495-496. Comments: 1. Wolf did not examine this journal and so missed this single eclipse observation. 1992 1994 912 BRITISH ASTRON. ASSOC. Sources: Hardie, B., 1992-1994. Solar Section Newsletter. The British Astronomical Association. London. Comments: 1. The database does not contain 1995 and later data. 1896 1935 9492 BROGER, ZURICH Sources: Wolfer, A., 1897. Wolfer's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,273. (ref. 741). Wolfer, A., 1898. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,297- 298. (ref. 758). Wolfer, A., 1899. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,325- 326.(ref. 778). Wolfer, A., 1900. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 13- 14. (ref. 801). Wolfer, A., 1900. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 38. (ref. 821). Wolfer, A., 1902. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 65- 66. (ref. 844). Wolfer, A., 1903. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 108- 109. (ref. 866). Wolfer, A., 1904. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 162- 163. (ref. 890). Wolfer, A., 1905. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 190- 191. (ref. 915). Wolfer, A., 1906. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 221. (ref. 938). Wolfer, A., 1907. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 266. (ref. 964). Wolfer, A., 1908. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 299- 300. (ref. 989). Wolfer, A., 1909. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 343- 344. (ref. 1015). Wolfer, A., 1910. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 12- 13. (ref. 1042). Wolfer, A., 1911. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 43- 44. (ref. 1067). Wolfer, A., 1912. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 70- 71. (ref. 1091). Wolfer, A., 1913. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 100- 101. (ref. 1114). Wolfer, A., 1914. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 125- 126. (ref. 1135). Wolfer, A., 1915. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 173- 174. (ref. 1156). Wolfer, A., 1916. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 204. (ref. 1177). Wolfer, A., 1917. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 230- 231. (ref. 1194). Wolfer, A., 1918. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 254- 255. (ref. 1213). Wolfer, A., 1919. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 16. (ref. 1231). Wolfer, A., 1920. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 39- 40. (ref. 1252). Wolfer, A., 1921. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 59- 60. (ref. 1278). Wolfer, A., 1922. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 82- 83. (ref. 1321). Wolfer, A., 1923. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 103- 104. (ref. 1358). Wolfer, A., 1924. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 121- 122. (ref. 1400). Wolfer, A., 1925. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 143- 144. (ref. 1439). Wolfer, A., 1926. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 163- 164. (ref. 1487). Brunner, W., 1927. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 190-191. (ref. 1539). Brunner, W., 1928. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 235-236. (ref. 1585). Brunner, W., 1929. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 323-324. (ref. 1626). Brunner, W., 1930. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 13, 36-37. (ref. 1674). Brunner, W., 1931. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 13, 92-93. Brunner, W., 1932. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 13, 166. Brunner, W., 1933. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 13, 205-206. Brunner, W., 1934. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 14, 11-12. Brunner, W., 1935. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 14, 59-60. Brunner, W., 1936. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 14, 146-147. Comments: 1. Max Broger. 2. Uses same telescope as Wolfer. 1850 1850 ?? BRORSEN Sources: Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 143. (ref. 61) Brorsen. Astron. Nachr., No. 728. Comment: 1. These observations not in database. 1780 1780 1 BROWN, J., PROVIDENCE, RI Sources: Brown, J., 1783. Mem, Am. Ph. Soc., 1, 149-150. Comments: 1. Wolf did not examine this journal and missed this observation. 2. Joseph Brown. 1906 1906 127 BRUNNER, CHUR Sources: Wolfer, A., 1907. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 272. (ref. 972). Comments: 1. William Brunner (later director at Zurich). 1926 1944 4901 BRUNNER, ZURICH Sources: Brunner, W., 1927. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 189-190. (ref. 1538). Brunner, W., 1928. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 234-235. (ref. 1584). Brunner, W., 1929. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 321-322. (ref. 1624). Brunner, W., 1930. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 13, 35. (ref. 1673). Brunner, W., 1931. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 13, 91-92. Brunner, W., 1932. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 13, 165. Brunner, W., 1933. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 13, 205. Brunner, W., 1934. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 14, 10-11. Brunner, W., 1935. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 14, 58-59. Brunner, W., 1936. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 14, 145-146. Brunner, W., 1937. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 14, 201. Brunner, W., 1938. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 14, 289-290. Brunner, W., 1939. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 14, 385-386. Brunner, W., 1940. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 14, 497. Brunner, W., 1941. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 14, 520. Brunner, W., 1942. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 15, 11. Brunner, W., 1943. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 15, 48. Brunner, W., 1944. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 15, 74. Brunner, W., 1945. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 15, 112. Comments: 1. William Brunner, formerly of Chur. 2. Using Zurich telescope of Wolf and Wolfer. 1929 1944 3262 BRUNNER, W., ZURICH Sources: Brunner, W., 1930. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 13, 37-38. (ref. 1675). Brunner, W., 1931. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 13, 93-94. Brunner, W., 1932. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 13, 166-167. Brunner, W., 1933. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 13, 206-207. Brunner, W., 1934. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 14, 12-13. Brunner, W., 1935. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 14, 60-61. Brunner, W., 1936. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 14, 147. Brunner, W., 1937. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 14, 202. Brunner, W., 1938. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 14, 290-291. Brunner, W., 1939. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 14, 386-387. Brunner, W., 1940. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 14, 498. Brunner, W., 1941. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 14, 521. Brunner, W., 1942. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 15, 12. Brunner, W., 1943. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 15, 49. Brunner, W., 1944. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 15, 75. Brunner, W., 1945. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 15, 113. Comments: 1. W. Brunner is an assistant observer at Zurich, not to be confused with William Brunner. 1769 1769 1 BRYCE, ENGLAND Sources: Wolf, R., 1859. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 301. (ref. 137 - Phil. Trans.) Bryce. Phil. Trans., 59. 1777 1802 43 BUGGE, T., COPENHAGEN Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 77. (ref. 34 - Bode's Jahrbuch) Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 154. (ref. 84) Ephemerides ad Meridianum Vindobonensem, 1789. Horrebow's manuscripts, Univerity of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark. Wolf, R., 1871. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 287-302. Comments: 1. Primary source of Bugge's observations are the Horrebow papers at the University of Aarhus, Denmark. 2. Wolf mentioned Bugge as Brugge. 3. Thomas Bugge. 1806 1810 284 BUGGE, M., COPENHAGEN Sources: Horrebow's manuscripts, Univerity of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark. Comments: 1. Reduced by us from original drawings. Results are similar to d'Arrest's, but cover more years. 2. Bugge made nearly daily solar transit observations from 1804 to 1816, but almost never mentioned sunspots. 3. Wolf was unaware of these observations. 1916 1918 411 BUGOSLAWSKY, MOSCOW Sources: Wolfer, A., 1917. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 236. (ref. 1203). Wolfer, A., 1918. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 265. (ref. 1226). Wolfer, A., 1919. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 27- 28. (ref. 1247). Comments: 1. Fraulein Eng. and Nat. Bugoslavsky in Nataschyno in Moscow. 1928 1937 2722 BUSER, AROSA Sources: Brunner, W., 1929. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 324-324. (ref. 1627). Brunner, W., 1930. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 13, 36. (ref. 1676). Brunner, W., 1931. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 13, 94-95. Brunner, W., 1932. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 13, 167-168. Brunner, W., 1933. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 13, 207-208. Brunner, W., 1934. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 14, 13-14. Brunner, W., 1935. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 14, 61-62. Brunner, W., 1936. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 14, 148. Brunner, W., 1937. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 14, 203-204. Brunner, W., 1938. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 14, 292-293. Comments: 1. F. Buser. 2. Buser has earlier observations not tabulated in Astron. Mitth. 1914 1925 1898 BUTTLAR, SIMSDORF Sources: Wolfer, A., 1915. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 174- 175. (ref. 1158). Wolfer, A., 1920. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 41. (ref. 1254). Wolfer, A., 1921. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 60- 61. (ref. 1280). Wolfer, A., 1922. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 83- 84. (ref. 1322). Wolfer, A., 1923. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 104- 105. (ref. 1360). Wolfer, A., 1924. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 123. (ref. 1402). Wolfer, A., 1925. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 144- 145. (ref. 1441). Wolfer, A., 1926. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 165- 166. (ref. 1489). Comments: 1. von Buttlar. 2. Buttlar was in Schlesien in 1920 (242 observations). 1674 1674 20 CALCINA, J.C., BONONIA Sources: Manfredi, E., 1736. De Gnomone Meridiano Bonoiensi ad Divi Petronii. Laeli a Vulpa, Bononiae, 397 pp. Comments: 1. These 20 days are taken to be zero spot days based upon comments by other observers in 1674. 1843 1843 1 CALDECOTT, J., MAHE Sources: Caldecott, J., 1843. Observations of the solar eclipse of 1843, December 21, made at the Observatory of Trevandrum. MNRAS, 6, 82. Comments: 1. Wolf missed this observation. 1727 1727 1 CARBONE, J.B., ROME Sources: Carbone, J. B., 1727. Observation of the eclipse of the sun and of sunspots made at Rome Sept. 15, 1727. Manuscript. Royal Society Library, London (also appears in Phil. Trans.). Comments: 1. Eclipse observation. 1859 1863 ?? CARL, P., MUNICH Sources: Carl, P., 1864. Correspondenznachricht aus Munchen. Wochentl. fur Astronomie, Meteorologie und Geographie, 87-88. Comments: 1. Ph. Carl. 2. Carl made 970 daily observations of the number of sunspot groups, but the reference above provides only yearly summaries. 1889 1892 523 CARLETON COLLEGE OBSERVATORY Sources: Wilson, H. C., C. H. Willard, and A. G. Sivaslian, 1893. Observations of sunspots and measures of solar photographs taken in the years 1889 to 1892. Goodsell Observatory Publications, 3, 28-39. Carleton College Observatory, 1890. The Sidereal Messenger, 9, pp. 136, 230, 280, 325, 418, 468. Carleton College Observatory, 1891. Sunspot observations. The Sidereal Messenger, 10, pp. 10, 102 150. Comments: 1. Wolf was unaware of these observations. 1853 1860 1215 CARRINGTON, LONDON Sources: Wolf, R., 1859. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 243. (ref. 129) Carrington, 1859. Letter to Wolf. Wolf, R., 1865. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 224- 226. (ref. 199). Carrington, R. C., 1863. Observations of the Spots on the Sun from 1853 XI 9 to 1861 III 24 made at Redhill. London, 248 pp. Wolf, R., 1873. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 4, 241-248. (ref. 303). De La Rue, W., B. Stewart, and B. Loewy, 1866. Researches on Solar Physics. Second Series: Area Measurements of the Sunspots, observed by Carrington, during the Seven Years from 1854-1860 inclusive, and Deductions therefrom. London. Comments: 1. Richard C. Carrington (1826-1875). 1804 1804 1 CASSELLA, MADRID Sources: Wolf, R., 1890. Sunspot table for 1804. Manuscript. Zurich Observatory, Zurich. Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 109. (ref. 34 - Bode's Jahrbuch) Comments: 1. Schubert, Beitler, and Cassella saw spots at the Feb 11, 1804 eclipse. The location of the reference to Cassella in Wolf's journal could not be located. However, on p. 109 of vol. 1, Wolf says Cassella says nothing about sunspots. 2. We examined, but failed to record, another reference by Cassella, which gives his spot observations. 1656 1695 466 CASSINI, G.D., PARIS Sources: Wolf, R., 1859. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 293. (ref. 134 - J. des Savants) Cassini, G. D., 1671. Accounts of some spots on the sun, observed at Paris. Phil. Trans., 6, 2238. Cassini, G. D., 1671. New observations of spots in the sun, made at Paris, Aug. 11, 12, and 13, 1671. Phil. Trans., 6, 2250. Cassini, G. D., 1671. Observations on the spots on the sun. Phil. Trans., 6, 3020. Cassini, G. D., 1676. Observations of a spot lately seen in the sun. Phil. trans., 11, 689. Cassini, G. D., 1676. J. des Savants. Cassini, G. D., 1688. J. des Savants. Wolf, R., 1860. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 30- 31.(ref. 150 - Hist. et mem. de l'Academie des Sciences) Cassini, G.D. Memoirs, 2, 8, 10. Wolf, R., 1860. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 31- 38.(ref. 151 - Histoire de l'Academie royale des Sciences). Cassini, G., 1700. Memoires, pp. 77, 123, 293. Cassini, G., 1701. Memoires, pp. 76, 261-262. Cassini, G., 1702. Memoires, pp. 131, 137, 139. Cassini, G., 1703. Memoires, pp. 15, 17, 109-128. Spoerer, G., 1889. Uber die Periodicitat der Sonnenflecken seit dem jahre 1618. Nova Acta de Ksl. Leop.-Carol. Deutschen Akademie der naturforscher, 53, 3-44. Manfredi, E., 1736. De Gnomone Meridiano Bonoiensi ad Divi Petronii. Laeli a Vulpa, Bononiae, 397 pp. Comments: 1. Gian Domenico Cassini (1625-1712). 2. 13 observations before 1671 come from Manfredi (1736) and are taken as zero spot days. 1697 1697 21 CASSINI, G.D., FLANDERS Sources: Cassini, G. D. Mem. Acad. Sci. Paris, 7. Comments: 1. Wolf missed these observations made by cassini while traveling to Flanders. 2. Gian Domenico Cassini (1625-1712). 1698 1698 9 CASSINI, G.D., LONDON Sources: Cassini, G. D. Mem. Acad. Sci. Paris, 7. Comments: 1. Wolf missed these observations made by Cassini while traveling to London. 2. Gian Domenico Cassini (1625-1712). 1700 1709 214 CASSINI, J., PARIS Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 49. (ref. 16) Wolf, C., 1730. Anfrangsgrunde der Astronomie. Augsberg. Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 116. (ref. 45) Encyclopedie Methodique. Mathematiques: Taches. Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 49. (ref. 16) Wolf, C., 1730. Anfangsgrunde der Astronomie. Ausg. Comments: 1. No more than one spot group was observed on the sun at the same time by anyone from 1650-1714. 2. Encyclopedie says Cassini saw no spot from May 1695 to May 1702. Also for 1686-1688. 3. Jacques Cassini (1677-1756). 1727 1750 7 CASSINI DE THURY, PARIS Sources: Wolf, R., 1860. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 35- 36.(ref. 151 - Histoire de l'Academie royale des Sciences). Comments: 1. Jacques Cassini (Cassini II) (1677-1756). 1791 1791 1 CASSINI, J.D., THURY Sources: Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 154. (ref. 84) Ephemerides ad Meridianum Vindobonensem, 1802. Wolf, R., 1860. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 31- 38.(ref. 151 - Histoire de l'Academie royale des Sciences) Cassini, J. D. Histoire, 1727, 1734, 1736, 1737, 1738, 1739, 1748, 1769. Comments: 1. Jean Dominique Cassini (1748-1845). 1684 1684 2 CASWELL (R.S.), LONDON Sources: Caswell, 1684. Manuscript drawings of solar disk. Royal Society Library, London. Gunther, R. T., 1920-1967. Early Science in Oxford. 15 vols. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Comments: 1. Wolf was unaware of these two observations. 1978 1987 3288 CATANIA OBSERVATORY Sources: National Geophysical Data Center, 1990. Solar Variability Affecting Earth. CDROM, NGDC-05/1. 1893 1918 7620 CATANIA Sources: Wolfer, A., 1894. Wolfer's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,127-129. (ref. 691). Wolfer, A., 1895. Wolfer's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,221-222. (ref. 707). Wolfer, A., 1896. Wolfer's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,252-253. (ref. 729). Wolfer, A., 1897. Wolfer's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,281-282. (ref. 752). Wolfer, A., 1898. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9, 307- 308. (ref. 769). Wolfer, A., 1899. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9, 332- 333.(ref. 787). Wolfer, A., 1900. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 18- 19. (ref. 806). Wolfer, A., 1901. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 42- 43. (ref. 826). Wolfer, A., 1902. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 70- 71. (ref. 849). Wolfer, A., 1903. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 121- 122. (ref. 883). Wolfer, A., 1904. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 175- 176. (ref. 908). Wolfer, A., 1905. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 195- 196. (ref. 921). Wolfer, A., 1906. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 225- 226. (ref. 943). Wolfer, A., 1907. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 273. (ref. 973). Wolfer, A., 1908. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 305- 306. (ref. 997). Wolfer, A., 1909. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 359- 360. (ref. 1037). Wolfer, A., 1910. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 25- 26. (ref. 1059). Wolfer, A., 1911. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 54- 55. (ref. 1083). Wolfer, A., 1912. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 82- 83. (ref. 1105). Wolfer, A., 1913. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 110- 111. (ref. 1128). Wolfer, A., 1914. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 132- 133. (ref. 1145). Wolfer, A., 1915. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 184- 185. (ref. 1171). Wolfer, A., 1916. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 210- 211. (ref. 1185). Wolfer, A., 1917. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 237- 238. (ref. 1205). Wolfer, A., 1918. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 262- 263. (ref. 1223). Wolfer, A., 1919. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 24- 25. (ref. 1244). Comments: 1. A. Ricco is director of the observatory (1893-1918). 1847 1849 ?? CHEVALLIER, T. Sources: Chevallier, T., 1847-1849. Drawings of Sunspots. Manuscript, RAS Library, London. Comments: 1. These observations are lost in the RAS Library stacks and so have not been examined. 2. Temple Chevallier (1794-1873). 1803 1803 1 CHIMINELLO, PADUA Sources: Zach, F. X., 1803. Beobachtung der Sonnenfinsternis. Zach. Monatl. Corresp., p. 467. Chiminello, V., 1775. Dissertation. Atti Dell Accademia, 6, 7. Comments: 1. Prof. Chiminello reports three spots and gives their positions. 10 other observers say nothing about spots. 2. These observations were previously listed under Zach in the database. 3. Page 12 of Chiminello's paper mentions sunspots and their variations. Did Chiminello observe sunspots between 1775 and 1803? Answer: No (Luisa Pigatto, personal communication). 4. Vincenzo Chimenello (1741-1815). 1762 1762 ?? CHLADNI Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 122. (ref. 60) Zeitschrift fur Astronomie by von Lindenau und Bohnenberger. Comments: 1. Chladni observed one (?) spot from 8/9 to 9/7/1762. 2. Vague statement and contradicted by Staudacher so this observation is not in the database. 3. E. F. F. Chladni (1756-1827). 1612 1612 29 CIGOLI, L.C., ROME Sources: Wolfer, A., 1904. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 124- 125. (ref. 889). Cignoli, L., 1612. Letter to Galilei in Firenze. Op. XI, p. 286, lett. 666, Roma, 23 marz 1612. Cignoli, L., 1612. Letter to Galilei in Firenze. Op. XI, p. 347, lett. 718, Roma, 30 giugno 1612. Comments: 1. Lodovico Cardi da Cignoli of Rome. 1684 1684 18 CLAUSEN, F., KILONI Sources: Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 305. (ref. 138) Clausen, F., 1703. De praecipuis superiorum seculorum phaenomenis coelestibus. Kiloni. 1860 1862 475 COAST SURVEY, WASHINGTON Sources: Wolf, R., 1864. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 184- 187.(ref. 191). Schott, C. A., 1861. Report of the Superintendent of the Coast Survey showing the Progress of the Survey during the Year 1860 and the Year 1861. Results of observations made on solar spots during the first seven months of the year 1860. Govt. Print. Office, Washington, pp. 324-326. Schott, C. A., 1862. Report of the Superintendent of the Coast Survey showing the Progress of the Survey during the Year 1860 and the Year 1861. Report on observations of the solar spots made at the Coast Survey Office, Washington, D.C., from August, 1860 to December, 1861. Govt. Print. Office, Washington, pp. 259-261. Schott, C. A., 1862. Report of the Superintendent of the Coast Survey showing the Progress of the Survey during the Year 1860 and the Year 1861. Report on observations of the solar spots made at the Coast Survey Office, Washington, D.C., from January to August 1862, inclusive. Govt. Print. Office, Washington, pp. 231-232. 1849 1850 ?? COLLA Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 117. (ref. 48) Bulletins de l'Academie de Bruxelles. Comments: 1. Observations too vague to use. 1612 1612 20 COLOGNA, S., MONREALE Sources: Wolfer, A., 1904. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 124- 125. (ref. 889). Cologna, S. di, 1612. Letter to Benedetto Castilli in Firenze. Op. XI, pp. 412-413, lett. 780; Monreale, 10 ottobre 1612. Comments: 1. Sigismondo di Cologna in Monreale. 1613 1614 51 COLONNA, F., NAPLES Sources: Wolfer, A., 1904. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 124- 125. (ref. 889). Colonna, F., 1613. Letter to Galilei in Firenze. Op. XI, p. 570, lett. 929; Napoli, 30 settembre, 1613. Comments: 1. Fabio Colonna of Naples (1567-1650). 1638 1639 689 CRABTREE, W., ENGLAND Sources: Crabtree, W., 1640. Letter. Flamsteed papers. Cambridge University Library, Cambridge, England. Comments: 1. William Crabtree (1610-1644). 2. According to a letter by Crabtree the average number of spot groups seen in 1638 and 1639 were 4 to 5 per day. The database has Greenwich fill values to give 4 to 5 groups per day. This substitution technique was used to simplify the analysis. This is the only place in the entire database where we do this type of substitution. 1798 1798 3 DANGOS, MALTA Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 108. (ref. 34 - Bode's Jahrbuch) Wolf, R., 1871. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 287-302. 1748 1773 7 DARQUIER, A., PARIS Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 74. (ref. 29) Darquier, A., 1777. Observations astronomiques faites a Toulouse. Avignon. 1867 1890 1623 DAWSON, W.M., SPICELAND, IND Sources: Wolf, R., 1888. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 581-582. (ref. 581). Dawson, W. M., 1888. Astronomical Journal. Wolf, R., 1890. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 232-233. (ref. 608). Wolf, R., 1891. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 313. (ref. 63). Dawson, W. M., 1888. Number of sunspots. Astronomical Journal, Vol. 8, No. 172, 26-29. Dawson, W. M., 1889. Sunspots, 1887-1889. Astronomical Journal, No. 208, 125. Dawson, W. M., 1890. Continuation of sunspot observations. Astronomical Journal, No. 218, 11. Dawson, W. M., 1884. Number of sunspots. The Sidereal Messenger, 3, pp. 171-178. Comments: 1. Wolf is aware of some of William M. Dawson's observations, but does not tabulate them in his journal. 2. Wolf was unaware of the Sidereal Messenger observations. 1864 1866 451 DE LA RUE, LONDON Sources: Wolf, R., 1874. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 4, 257-260. (ref. 306). Comments: 1. Warren de la Rue (1815-1889). 1704 1704 1 DE LA VAL, P., MARSEILLE Sources: Cassini, G. D., 1705. Hist. et mem. de l'Academie des Sciences. Comments: 1. Cassini mentions that De Clapier, De La Val, Fulchiron, Salvago, and Thyoli also saw the same spot he did on February 10, 1704. 2. These observers may have made other observations we are unaware of, and so are included in our database. 3. Wolf missed these observers. 1713 1735 39 DE L'ISLE, J.N., PARIS Sources: Wolf, R., 1875. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 4, 392-393. (ref. 325). De l'Isle, M., 1788. Memoires pour servir a l'histore et an progres de l'astronomie, de la geographie et de la physique. Petersbourg, 284 pp. Comments: 1. Joseph-Nicolas De L'Isle (1688-1768). 1704 1704 1 DE CLAPIER, M., MONTPELLIER Sources: Cassini, G. D., 1705. Hist. et mem. de l'Academie des Sciences. Comments: 1. Cassini mentions that De Clapier, De La Val, Fulchiron, Salvago, and Thyoli also saw the same spot he did on February 10, 1704. 2. These observers may have made other observations we are unaware of, and so are included in our database. 3. Wolf missed these observers. 1977 1977 365 DEBRECHEN HELIOPHYSICAL OBS. Sources: Dezslo, L., 1990. Debrecen Heliophysical Results, 1977. Debrecen Heliophysical Observatory, Debrecen, Hungary. Comments: 1. Publication replaces Greenwich Photoheliographic Results, which cease in 1976. 1802 1824 789 DERFFLINGER, T., KREMSMUNSTER Sources: Wolf, R., 1893. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9, 97-104. (ref. 684). Derfflinger, T., 1802-1824. Sonnenflecken Bucher. Manuscripts. Krems. Stern., Kremsmunster, Germany. Comments: 1. These observations were acquired by Wolf just before his death and so were never incorporated in his solar activity reconstruction. 2. Thaddeus Derfflinger. 1703 1715 1613 DERHAM, W., UPMINSTER Sources: Wolf, R., 1859. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 295. (ref. 137 - Phil. Trans.) Derham, W., 1703. Observations on the spots of the Sun. Phil. Trans., 23, 1504. Wolf, R., 1859. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 296- 299(ref. 137 - Phil. Trans.) Derham, W., 1703. Some observations of the spots on the sun. Phil. Trans., 23, 1504. Derham, W., 1711. Observations upon spots in the Sun, 1703 to 1711, with a letter of Crabtree in 1640 upon the same subject. (Includes "Table of all the spots and faculae on the sun, visible at Upminster, since July 1703"). Phil. Trans., 27, 270, 278. Derham, W., 1703-1715. Manuscripts in Flamsteed collection, Cambridge University Library, Cambridge, England. Spoerer, G., 1889. Uber die Periodicitat der Sonnenflecken seit dem jahre 1618. Nova Acta de Ksl. Leop.-Carol. Deutschen Akademie der naturforscher, 53, 3-44. Derham, W., 1703. On sunspots. Manuscript. Royal Society Library, London. Comments: 1. Wolf missed some observations because he did not see the original manuscripts, which give intervals when no spots were seen. 2. Manuscripts examined by us. 3. William Derham (1657-1735). 1689 1689 339 DECHALES, M., LUGDUNI Sources: Wolf, R., 1860. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 24. (ref. 148) Dechales, M., 1690. Cursus seu Mundus Mathematicus. Edito altera, Lugduni, 4 vols. Comments: 1. Dechales reported no sunspots on these dates in 1689, as confirmmed by others. 2. Milliet Deschales, Lugduni. 1681 1681 1 DESHAYES, M., ROUEN Sources: Deschayes, M., 1686. Mem. Acad. Sci. Paris, vol. 7. Comments: 1. Wolf missed this observation. 1949 1954 691 DIZER, M., KANDILLI OBS. Sources: Dizer, M., 1945-1954. Jours d'observations et nombre de groupes mensuelles. Kandilli Observatory, Heliophysics Service. Istanbul. Comments: 1. Observations continued in 1955 by Atila Ozguc and Mehmet N. Yazici. 1946 1946 159 DJURKOVIC, P.M., BELGRADE Sources: Djurkovic, P. M., 1946. Observations des taches solaires. Bulletin de l'Observaoire Astronomique de l'Universite de Belgrade. Vol. 11. Comments: 1. Primary observer at Belgrade was M. Protitch, but P. M. Djurkovic took over for one year. 1974 1975 455 DOGAN, N., ANKARA Sources: Dogan, N., 1974-1975. Sunspot Observations for the Year 1974 (and 1975). Pamplets at Library of Congress. 1734 1734 1 ECLIPSE OBSERVERS, ROME Sources: Anonymous, 1734. Nuova Raccolta. Comments: 1. Eclipse observation. 2. Reference needs to be re-checked. 1677 1703 2343 EIMMART, G.C., NUREMBERG Sources: Eimmart papers, 1677-1720. St. Petersburg's State Library, St. Petersburg, Russia. Comments: 1. Wolf was unaware of these observations. 2. Manuscripts examined by us. 1703 1704 123 EIMMART, M-C., NUREMBERG Sources: Eimmart papers, 1677-1720. St. Petersburg's State Library, St. Petersburg, Russia. Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 108. (ref. 34 - Bode's Jahrbuch) Comments: 1. Wolf was unaware of these observations. 2. Wolf mentions Eimmart in reference 34. 3. Maria Clara Eimmart (1676-1707). 1857 1857 181 ELLNER, BAMBERG Sources: Ellner, B., 1857. Sonnenflecken beobachtet zu Bamberg. Unterhalten im Gebeite der Astronomie, Geographie und Meteorologie. No. 23, p. 176. Ellner, B., 1857. Correspondenznachricht. Unterhalten im Gebeite der Astronomie, Geographie und Meteorologie, 231. Ellner, B., 1857. Correspondenznachricht. Unterhalten im Gebeite der Astronomie, Geographie und Meteorologie, 319. Ellner, B., 1857. Correspondenznachricht. Unterhalten im Gebeite der Astronomie, Geographie und Meteorologie, 334-335. Comments: 1. These observations were overlooked by Wolf. 2. Benedict Ellner. 1794 1811 635 ENDE, F.A., CELLE Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 121. (ref. 59) Zach, F. X., Monatliche Correspondenz, 24. Wolf, R., 1861. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2,115.(ref. 165 - major source). Von Ende, F. A., 1801. Geographische Ortsbestimmungen im Niedersachsischen Kriese, nebst einigen astronomischen Beobachtungen. Celle. Wolf, R., 1871. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 287-302. Comments: 1. No spots from Sep 4 1809 to Sep 4 1811 (Zach ref.). 1816 1829 21 ESMARK, KONGSBERG Sources: Wolf, R., 1882. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 6, 159-160. (ref. 452). Esmark. Manuscript. 1678 1684 9 ETTMULLER, M.E., WITTENBERG Sources: Ettmuller, M. E., 1684. De maculis in sole visis disseret praeses M. Augustinus Vagetius . . . & respondens Michael Ernestus Ettmillarus. Thesis. Wittenberg, 17 pp. Comments: 1. Wolf was unaware of these observations. 1815 1816 6 EYNARD, ROLLE Sources: Wolf, R., 1865. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 226. (ref. 200 - Bibliotheque Universelle). Comments: 1. Possibly Jean-Gabriel Eynard (1775-1863). 1668 1675 90 FABRIUS, A., BONONIA Sources: Manfredi, E., 1736. De Gnomone Meridiano Bonoiensi ad Divi Petronii. Laeli a Vulpa, Bononiae, 397 pp. Comments: 1. These 90 observations are taken as zero spot days based upon comments by other observers. 1724 1724 1 FALK, J., MUNICH Sources: Falk, J., 1724. Beobachtung der Sonnenfinsternis 1724. Manuscript. Munich Archives, Munich. Comments: 1. Wolf was unaware of this observation. 1894 1895 186 FAUQUEZ, ZURICH Sources: Wolfer, A., 1895. Wolfer's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,216-217. (ref. 703). Wolfer, A., 1896. Wolfer's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,245-246. (ref. 721). Comments: 1. Alfred Fauquez 1791 1806 3 FEER, ZURICH Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 117. (ref. 49) Feer, J., 1795. Manuscript in Zurich. Wolf, R., 1866. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 54.(ref. 211). Wolf, R., 1871. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 287-302. Wolf, R., 1888. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 68. (ref. 580). 1769 1769 1 FELBIGER, SAGAN Sources: Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 154. (ref. 84) Ephemerides ad Meridianum Vindobonensem, 1772. 1768 1769 2 FERGUSON, J., EDINBURGH Sources: Wolf, R., 1880. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 5, 296. (ref. 405). Ferguson, J., 1768-1769. Manuscript. Flamsteed collection. Cambridge University Library, Cambridge, England. Comments: 1. James Ferguson (1710-1776). 2. Wolf missed one of these two observations. 1866 1879 478 FERRARI, ROME Sources: Wolf, R., 1879. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 5, 256-257. (ref. 389). Wolf, R., 1880. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 5, 314-315. (ref. 425). 1709 1722 59 FEUILLEE, L.E., PARIS Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 113- 114. (ref. 35) Feuillee, L. E., 1714. Journal des Observations Physiques, mathematiques, et Botaniques. 2 Vols. Paris. Wolf, R., 1860. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 31- 38.(ref. 151 - Histoire de l'Academie royale des Sciences) Feuillee, L. E. Histoire, 1722. Feuillee, L. E., 1715. Acta Eruditorum, p. 187. Comments: 1. Wolf did not examine Acta Eruditorum, so missed two observations by Feuillee. 2. Louis Feuillee (1660-1732) 1788 1816 ?? FINK, J. G., LAUENBURG Sources: Zinner, E., 1952. Altere Beobachtungen von Sonnenflecken. Naturforschende Gesellschaft Bamberg, 33, 36-37. Comments: 1. These observations were searched for at the high school in Lauenburg, Germany, and not found by the librarian who worked there in 1952. His has no memory of Fink's notebooks. 2. These observations were searched for the school in Leborck, Poland (formerly, Lauenburg, Prussia), and not found. 1776 1776 17 FIXLMILLNER, P., STYRIA Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 76. (ref. 34 - Bode's Jahrbuch) Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 205. (refs. 118, 119) Fixlmillner, P., 1776. Decennium astronomicum. Styriae. Fixlmillner, P., 1791. Acta Astronomica Cremifanensia. Styriae. 1857 1858 16 FLAGSTAFF OBS., MELBOURNE Sources: Wolf, R., 1873. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 4, 240. (ref. 302). Results of magnetical, nautical, and meteorological observations made at the Flagstaff Observatory, Melbourne. 1676 1714 1500 FLAMSTEED, J., CAMBRIDGE Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 116. (ref. 45) Encyclopedie Methodique. Mathematiques: Taches. Wolf, R., 1859. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 292. (ref. 133 - MNRAS) Wolf, R., 1859. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 295. (ref. 137 - Phil. Trans.) Flamsteed, J., 1676. Account of his own and Halley's observations concerning the spots in the Sun. Phil. Trans., 11, 687. Flamsteed, J., 1684. An acount of a spot seen in the sun from April 25 to May 8, 1684, with the line of its course predicted if it makes a second retrurn. Phil. Trans., 14, 525. Spoerer, G., 1889. Uber die Periodicitat der Sonnenflecken seit dem jahre 1618. Nova Acta de Ksl. Leop.-Carol. Deutschen Akademie der naturforscher, 53, 3-44. Hoyt, D. V. and K. H. Schatten, 1995. Observations of sunspots by Flamsteed during the Maunder Minimum. Solar Physics, 160, 387-392. Comments: 1. Encyclopedie says Flamsteed saw no spots from 1676 to April 1684. 2. Primary source for Flamsteed is his notes and letters at Cambridge University Library, England and his Historica Britannia Coeleste, which establish days of solar observations and intervals with no sunspots. 3. John Flamsteed (1646-1719). 1788 1830 2068 FLAUGERGUES, H., VIVIERS Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 78. (ref. 34 - Bode's Jahrbuch) Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 110. (ref. 34 - Bode's Jahrbuch) Wolf, R., 1860. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 38- 39.(ref. 152 - Memoires Sources: Wolf, R., 1860. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 31- 38.(ref. 151 - Histoire de l'Academie royale des Sciences) Flaugergues, H. Memoires de l'Academie royale des Sciences, 1. Wolf, R., 1861. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 97- 114. (ref. 163 - major source). Flaugergues, H., 1788-1830. Registre d'observations astronomiques faites (unpublished manuscript). Viviers. Wolf, R., 1871. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 287-302. Comments: 1. Honore Flaugergues. 2. Manuscript lost by 1889 according to Spoerer. 1796 1807 421 FLAUGERGUES, H. (C.DE T.) Sources: Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 146- 147. (ref. 71) Connaissance des temps, 1798/99. Connaissance des temps, 1799/1800. Connaissance des temps, 1802/03. Connaissance des temps, 1803/04. Connaissance des temps, 1804/05. Connaissance des temps, 1805/06. Connaissance des temps, 1807/08. Connaissance des temps, 1810. Wolf, R., 1859. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 240. (ref. 126) Zach, F. X., Correspondance Astronomique, 9, 11, 13. Comments: 1. Honore Flaugergues. 2. Manuscript lost by 1894 according to Spoerer. 1850 1850 2 FLEISCHHAUER, J., LANGENSALZA Sources: Wolf, R., 1864. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 183. (ref. 188). Fleischauer, J., 1855-56. Gemeinfassliche naturwissenschaftliche Vorlesungen. Langensalza. 1661 1671 3605 FOGEL, M., HAMBURG Sources: Wolf, R., 1859. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 295. (ref. 137 - Phil. Trans.) Fogelius, M., 1671. An extract of a letter ... concerning the spots of the sun returned. Phil. Trans., 6, 3033. Comments: 1. Phil. Trans. has plate showing course of spot from Aug 26 to Sep 5, 1671. 2. Fogel's original observations are probably lost so we do not know exactly what days he was observing. 3. Martin Fogel (1634-1675)(or Vogel or Fogelius or Vogelius). 1715 1715 1 FONTANA, P.B.G., MODENA Sources: Fontana, P. B. G., 1725. Solar eclipse of May 3, 1715. Giornale di Litterati d'Italia, 22, 430. Comments: 1. Eclipse observation. 2. Reference needs to be re-checked. 1860 1863 275 FRANZENAU, F., WIEN Sources: Wolf, R., 1864. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 164- 165. Wolf, R., 1864. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 189- 191.(ref. 196). Franzenau, F., 1860-1863. Sonnenflackenbeobachtungen in den jahren 1860-1863 (manuscript). Wien. 1898 1903 530 FREYBERG, ST. PETERSBURG Sources: Wolfer, A., 1899. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9, 336. (ref. 793). Wolfer, A., 1900. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 23. (ref. 813). Wolfer, A., 1901. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 46. (ref. 832). Wolfer, A., 1902. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 76. (ref. 859). Wolfer, A., 1903. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 118. (ref. 880). Wolfer, A., 1904. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 171. (ref. 901). Comments: 1. Aline Freyberg. 1798 1812 454 FRITSCH, J.H., GERMANY Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 108. (ref. 34 - Bode's Jahrbuch) Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 110. (ref. 34 - Bode's Jahrbuch) Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 120. (ref. 59) Zach, F. X., Monatliche Correspondenz, 2. Wolf, R., 1871. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 287-302. 1889 1890 262 FROST, E.B., DARTMOUTH Sources: Wolf, R., 1891. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 275-276. (ref. 622). Frost, E. B., 1889. Solar observations at Shattuck Observatory. Astronomical Journal, No. 201, 67-68. Frost, E. B., 1890. Solar observations at Shattuck Observatory. Astronomical Journal. No. 212, 156-157. Frost, E. B., 1890. Solar observations at Shattuck Observatory, January to July 1890. Astronomical Journal, No. 222, 46-48. Wolf, R., 1891. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 314. (ref. 640). Comments: 1. Edwin B. Frost of Shattuck Observatory (1866-1935). 2. Frost wrote an autobiography. 1704 1704 1 FULCHIRON, P., LYON Sources: Cassini, G. D., 1705. Hist. et mem. de l'Academie des Sciences. Comments: 1. Cassini mentions that De Clapier, De La Val, Fulchiron, Salvago, and Thyoli also saw the same spot he did on February 10, 1704. 2. These observers may have made other observations we are unaware of, and so are included in our database. 3. Wolf missed these observers. 1890 1890 9 FURNISS, C., VASSAR Sources: Furniss, C., 1890. The Sidereal Messenger, 10, p. 150. Comments: 1. Wolf did not examine this journal and missed these observations. 1612 1612 37 GALILEO/SAKURAI, ROME Comments: 1. This reduction of Galileo's observations has slightly different days and counts than that used by Wolf. 2. Galileo Galilei (1564-1642). 1612 1612 51 GALILEO, G., ROME Sources: Wolf, R., 1861. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2,118.(ref. 168). Galilei, G., 1655. Istoria e demostrationi intorno alle macchie solari e loro accidenti. Bologna. Wolfer, A., 1904. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 124- 125. (ref. 889). Galilei, G., 1612. Letter to Maffeo Barberini in Bologna. Op. XI, p. 204, lett. 684; Firenze, 2 giugno 1612. Comments: 1. Galileo Galilei (1564-1642). 1840 1840 1 GALLE, J.G., BERLIN Sources: Wolf, R., 1879. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 5, 270. (ref. 408). 1631 1645 709 GASSENDI, P., PARIS Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 49. (ref. 14) Gassendi, P., 1653. Opera Omnia. Paris. Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 118. (ref. 51) Smith, R., 1767. Cours complet d'optique. Avignon. Comments: 1.Pierre Gassendi (1592-1655). 1725 1725 9 GAUBIL, A., CHINA Sources: Wolf, R., 1866. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 56.(ref. 236). Souciet, E., 1729-1732. Observations mathematiques, astronomiques, geographiques, chronologiques et physiques, tirees des anciens livres chinois. Chez Rollin, Paris, 3 vols. Comments: 1. Antoine Gaubil (1689-1759). 1814 1814 17 GAUSS, H. FR., GOTTINGEN Sources: Gauss, H. Fr., 1814. Tagebuch der astr. Beobachtungen Manuscript. Gottingen City and University Library, Gottingen, Germany. Comments: 1. Wolf missed these observations. 1797 1797 3 GEMEINER, A.T., REGENSBURG Sources: Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 157. (ref. 94) Gemeiner, A. T., 1798. Beobachtung der am 24 Junius 1797 eingetretenen Sonnenfinsterniss. Regensberg. Wolf, R., 1871. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 287-302. 1820 1847 4 GERLING, C.L., MARBURG Sources: Gerling, C. L., 1820-1847. Sonnenfinsternis 1847. Manuscript. University Library Archives, Marburg, Germany. Comments: 1. Wolf missed these observations. 1743 1743 1 GERSTEN, C.L., GIESSEN Sources: Wolf, R., 1859. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 301. (ref. 137 - Phil. Trans.) Gersten, C. L. Phil. Trans., 42. 1715 1715 1 GESU, P.A.B., PARMA Sources: Gesu, P. A. B., 1725. Solar eclipse of May 3, 1715. Giornale di Litterati d'Italia, 22, 430. Comments: 1. Eclipse observation. 2. Reference needs to be re-checked. 1907 1907 114 GINORI, FLORENCE Sources: Wolfer, A., 1908. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 304. (ref. 994). Comments: 1. Venturi Ginori. 1726 1726 1 GODIN, L., PARIS Sources: Wolf, R., 1860. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 35. (ref. 150 - Hist. et mem. de l'Academie des Sciences) 1952 1956 ?? GODLEE OBS., MANCHESTER Sources: Godlee Observatory, 1952-1956. Sunspot Ledger, Manuscript M298/4/5. Manchester Central Library, Manchester, England. Comments: 1. These observations are not in our database. 1772 1772 1 GOLDHOVER, MUNICH Sources: Goldhover, 1772. Sonnenfinsternis 1772. Manuscript. Universitats Bibliothek Munchen. Comments: 1. Wolf was unaware of this solar disk drawing. 1901 1908 603 GORJATSCHY, MOSCOW Sources: Wolfer, A., 1902. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 74. (ref. 855). Wolfer, A., 1903. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 113. (ref. 871). Wolfer, A., 1904. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 168. (ref. 897). Wolfer, A., 1905. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 198- 199. (ref. 926). Wolfer, A., 1906. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 229. (ref. 949). Wolfer, A., 1907. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 275-276. (ref. 977). Wolfer, A., 1908. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 309. (ref. 1001). Wolfer, A., 1909. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 352. (ref. 1026). Comments: 1. P. Gorjatschy. 1737 1743 2 GRAHAM, G., LONDON Sources: Wolf, R., 1859. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 299- 301. (ref. 137 - Phil. Trans.) Comments: 1. George Graham (1673-1751). 1724 1724 1 GRAMMATICI, N., INGOLSTADT Sources: Grammatici, N., 1724. Sonnenfinsternis zu Ingolstadt. Manuscript. Munich Archives, Munich. Comments: 1. Wolf was unaware of this observation. 2. Nicasius Grammatici. 1703 1713 80 GRAY, S., CANTERBURY Sources: Gray, S., 1703-1713. Manuscripts in Flamsteed collection, Cambridge University Library, Cambridge, England. Gray, S., 1703. Two letters concerning the spots of the sun observed in June 1703. Phil. Trans., 23, 1502. Comments: 1. Wolf was unaware of these observations. 2. Manuscripts examined by us (he mentions a white light flare in one of his letters to Flamsteed). 3. Stephen Gray (1666-1736). 1850 1865 168 GREISBACH, T.J., ENGLAND Sources: Greisbach, T. J., 1850-1865. Sunspot drawings, 1850- 1865. RAS MSS Add. 41, RAS Library, London. Comments: 1. Wolf was unaware of these observations. 2. Reduced by us. 1811 1844 405 GRUITHUISEN, B., MUNICH Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 112. (ref. 34 - Bode's Jahrbuch) Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 175. (ref. 99) Gruithuisen, F. v. P., 1839-1850. Jahrbuch. Wolf, R., 1871. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 287-302. Zinner, E., 1952. Altere Beobachtungen von Sonnenflecken. Naturforschende Gesellschaft Bamberg, 33, 36-37. 1908 1910 943 GUERRIERI, CAPODIMONTE Sources: Wolfer, A., 1909. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 356- 357. (ref. 1034). Wolfer, A., 1910. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 23- 24. (ref. 1057). Wolfer, A., 1911. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 50- 51. (ref. 1076). Comments: 1. Eugenio Guerrieri. 1902 1925 6340 GUILLAUME, LYON Sources: Wolfer, A., 1903. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 114- 115. (ref. 874). Wolfer, A., 1904. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 173- 174. (ref. 906). Wolfer, A., 1905. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 200- 201. (ref. 929). Wolfer, A., 1906. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 232- 233. (ref. 956). Wolfer, A., 1907. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 277-278. (ref. 981). Wolfer, A., 1908. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 312- 313. (ref. 1008). Wolfer, A., 1909. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 354- 355. (ref. 1031). Wolfer, A., 1910. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 26- 27. (ref. 1060). Wolfer, A., 1911. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 56- 57. (ref. 1086). Wolfer, A., 1912. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 85. (ref. 1108). Wolfer, A., 1913. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 111- 112. (ref. 1129). Wolfer, A., 1914. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 136- 137. (ref. 1149). Wolfer, A., 1915. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 180- 181. (ref. 1166). Wolfer, A., 1916. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 212. (ref. 1187). Wolfer, A., 1917. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 239- 240. (ref. 1207). Wolfer, A., 1918. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 261- 262. (ref. 1222). Wolfer, A., 1919. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 25- 26. (ref. 1245). Wolfer, A., 1920. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 45- 46. (ref. 1259). Wolfer, A., 1921. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 64- 65. (ref. 1284). Wolfer, A., 1922. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 87- 88. (ref. 1327). Wolfer, A., 1924. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 126- 127. (ref. 1406). Wolfer, A., 1924. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 127- 128. (ref. 1407). Wolfer, A., 1925. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 148- 149. (ref. 1445). Wolfer, A., 1926. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 168- 169. (ref. 1493). Comments: 1. J. Guillaume, adjunct astronomer at the observatory. 1675 1696 406 GULIELMINI, J.F., BONONIA Sources: Manfredi, E., 1736. De Gnomone Meridiano Bonoiensi ad Divi Petronii. Laeli a Vulpa, Bononiae, 397 pp. Comments: 1. These observations are mostly zero spot days based upon comments by other observers. The May 1695 spot attributed to Maraldi and others was probably actually recorded by Gulielmini. 2. Also spelled Gulgielmini. 1890 1890 67 HADDEN, D.E., ALTA, IOWA Sources: Hadden, D. E., 1891. Solar observations. The Sidereal Messenger, 10, pp. 38-39, 150. Comments: 1. Wolf did not examine this journal and missed these observations. 1739 1751 116 HAGEN, F., BERLIN Sources: Wolf, R., 1859. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 244- 245.(ref. 130) Hagen, F., 1751. Collectanea astronomica colligente et observante. 1837 1837 2 HAILE, A.B., YALE Sources: Olmsted, D., 1837. Drawings of solar disk by A. B. Haile. Am. J. Sci., 33, 393. Comments: 1. Wolf did not examine this journal and missed this observation. 1819 1819 3 HALLASCHKA, F.I.C., PRAGUE Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 112. (ref. 34 - Bode's Jahrbuch) 1718 1746 7 HALLERSTEIN, A., PEKING Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 114. (ref. 38) Hallerstein, A., 1768. Observationes Astronomicae ab anno 1717 ad Annum 1752 pekini Sinarum factae. 2 vols., Vindobonae. 1676 1676 9 HALLEY, E., LONDON Sources: Wolf, R., 1859. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 295. (ref. 137 - Phil. Trans.) Flamsteed, J., 1676. Account of his own and Halley's observations concerning the spots in the Sun. Phil. Trans., 11, 687. Spoerer, G., 1889. Uber die Periodicitat der Sonnenflecken seit dem jahre 1618. Nova Acta de Ksl. Leop.-Carol. Deutschen Akademie der naturforscher, 53, 3-44. Comments: 1. Edmund Halley (1656-1742). 1797 1798 2 HAMILTON, J., ARMAGH OBS., IRELAND Sources: Hamilton, J., 1797-1798. M19 Record Book, No. 6. 20 pp. Armagh Observatory, Ireland. Comments: 1. These observations were missed by Wolf. 1610 1613 210 HARRIOT, T., OXFORD Sources: Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 136- 137. Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 179. (ref. 106) Harriot, T., 1610-1613. Manuscript. Wolf, R., 1888. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 29. Comments: 1. Thomas Harriot (1560-1621). 1677 1677 7 HARTSOEKER, N., THE HAGUE Comments: 1. These observations are probably in Wolf's journal somewhere, but we have not relocated their source. They don't appear in Wolf's notes for this year. 2. N. Hartsoeker (1656-1725). 1870 1872 10 HARVARD COLLEGE OBS., MA Sources: Harvard University, 1870-1872. Annuals of the Astronomical Observatory of Harvard College. Comments: 1. These observations overlooked by Wolf. 1725 1725 1 HAUSEN, C.A., LEIPZIG Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 73. (ref. 23) Hausen, C. A., 1726. Theoria motus solis circa proprium axem. Lipsiae, 40 pp. 1888 1899 2063 HAVERFORD COLLEGE OBS., PA Sources: Wolf, R., 1889. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 119. (ref. 592). Wolf, R., 1890. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 234-236. (ref. 611). Wolf, R., 1891. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 302-303. (ref. 630). Wolf, R., 1892. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 390-391. (ref. 650). Wolf, R., 1893. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9, 64-65. (ref. 673). Wolfer, A., 1894. Wolfer's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,131-132. (ref. 694). Wolfer, A., 1895. Wolfer's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,225. (ref. 710). Wolfer, A., 1896. Wolfer's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,250-251. (ref. 727). Wolfer, A., 1897. Wolfer's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,276. (ref. 745). Wolfer, A., 1898. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9, 303- 304. (ref. 763). Wolfer, A., 1899. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9, 334. (ref. 788). Wolfer, A., 1900. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 24. (ref. 815). Leavenworth, F. P., 1890. Sun-spot observations. Astronomical Journal, No. 210, 143. Leavenworth, F. P., 1890. Sun-spot observations. Astronomical Journal, No. 222, 45. Leavenworth, F. P., 1891. Sun-spot observations. Astronomical Journal, No. 234, 143. Leavenworth, F. P., 1891. Sunspot observations. Astronomical Journal, No. 244, 32. Collins, Wm. H., 1892. Sunspot observations. Astronomical Journal, No. 252, 95. Collins, Wm. H., 1892. Sunspot observations. Astronomical Journal, No. 271, 52. Collins, Wm. H., 1892. Sunspot observations. Astronomical Journal, No. 287, 180-181. Jones, G. L., 1893. Sunspot observations. Astronomical Journal, No. 299, 85. Collins, Wm. H., 1894. Sunspot observations. Astronomical Journal, No. 311, 197. 1676 1676 1 HAYNES, CAMBRIDGE Sources: Haynes, 1676. Flamsteed papers. Cambridge University Library, Cambridge, England. Comments: 1. Wolf was unaware of this observer. One observation is mentioned with the implication many more were made. 1915 1918 815 HEIMEN, FELDE Sources: Wolfer, A., 1916. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 213- 214. (ref. 1189). Wolfer, A., 1917. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 238- 239. (ref. 1206). Wolfer, A., 1918. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 258- 259. (ref. 1219). Wolfer, A., 1919. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 20. (ref. 1236). Comments: 1. Heinrich Heimen. 1781 1820 398 HEINRICH, P., MUNICH Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 122. (ref. 59) Zach, F. X., Monatliche Correspondenz, 27. Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 123. (ref. 61) Heinrich, P., 1824. Astron. Nachr., No. 87. Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 201- 204. (ref. 115) Heinrich, P., 1781-1818. Manuscript. Sternwarte zu Bogenhausen bei Munchen. Wolf, R., 1871. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 287-302. Comments: 1. Some spots in 1812 mentioned (in database?). 2. Heinrich had a day book for 1782-1786 +. Where is this book? Zinner (1924) says that this manuscript could no longer be located in the Munich Observatory. 1857 1872 99 HEIS, MUNSTER Sources: Heis, 1857. Sonnenflecken beobachtet zu Bamberg. Unterhalten im Gebeite der Astronomie, Geographie und Meteorologie. No. 23, p. 176. Wolf, R., 1864. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 188- 189.(ref. 195). Heis, 1863-1864. Wochenschrift fur Astronomie. Wolf, R., 1865. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 236- 237.(ref. 210). Heis, 1864. Wochenschrift fur Astronomie. Wolf, R., 1866. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 26-27.(ref. 225). Heis, 1865-66. Wochenschrift fur Astronomie. Wolf, R., 1867. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 88-90.(ref. 239). Heis, 1867. Wochenschrift fur Astronomie. Wolf, R., 1868. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 147-149.(ref. 246). Heis, 1868. Wochenschrift fur Astronomie. Wolf, R., 1869. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 204-205.(ref. 249). Heis, 1869. Wochenschrift fur Astronomie. Wolf, R., 1872. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 406-407. (ref. 276). Wolf, R., 1873. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 4, 115. (ref. 292). Wolf, R., 1874. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 4, 268-270. (ref. 315). Wolf, R., 1875. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 4, 396-397. (ref. 328). Wolf, R., 1876. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 4, 420-421. (ref. 337). 1778 1778 1 HELFENZREIDER, J.E., INGOLSTADT Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 76. (ref. 34 - Bode's Jahrbuch) 1782 1782 1 HENNERT, J.F., UTRECHT Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 76. (ref. 34 - Bode's Jahrbuch) 1822 1837 122 HERSCHEL, J., LONDON Sources: Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 145. (ref. 62) Herschel, J. W., 1847. Results of astronomical observations made during the years 1834-1838 at the Cape of Good Hope; being the completion of a telescopic survey of the whole surface of the visible heavens, commenced in 1825. London. Comments: 1. Wolf mentions Herschel's observations, but does not actually use them. 2. Our primary source is the Herschel papers at the RAS Library, London. 3. John Frederick William Herschel (1792-1871). 1794 1818 384 HERSCHEL, W., LONDON Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 108. (ref. 34 - Bode's Jahrbuch) Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 113. (ref. 34 - Bode's Jahrbuch) Wolf, R., 1859. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 301. (ref. 137 - Phil. Trans.) Herschel, W. Phil. Trans., 85, 91, 92. Wolf, R., 1871. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 287-302. Comments: 1. Wolf was aware of Herschel's sunspot observations but only used a few from his Phil. Trans. publications. 2. We re-examined Herschel's notebooks at the RAS Library, London. 3. The recognition that Wolf missed Herschel's observations was the inspiration to search for other sunspot observations that Wolf may have overlooked. 4. William Herschel (1738-1822). 1707 1707 2 HERTEL, C.T., BERLIN Sources: Hertel, C. T., 1707. Sonnenflecken Buch, v. 2, no. 4. Manuscript at Akademie fur Wissenschaften zu Berlin. Zinner, E., 1952. Altere Beobachtungen von Sonnenflecken. Naturforschende Gesellschaft Bamberg, 33, 36-37. Comments: 1. Christian Theoph. Hertel. 2. Wolf was unaware of these observations. 1642 1684 4186 HEVELIUS, J., DANZIG Sources: Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 151. (ref. 74) Hevelii, J., 1654. Epistolae II. Gedani. Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 151. (ref. 75) Hevelii, J., 1654. Illustribus Viris. Gedani. Wolf, R., 1861. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 77-78 (ref. 154) Hevelii, J., 1647. Selenographia. Gedani. Hevelius, J., 1673. Machina Coelestis. Gdansk. Spoerer, G., 1889. Uber die Periodicitat der Sonnenflecken seit dem jahre 1618. Nova Acta de ksl. Leop.-Carol. Deutschen Akademie der naturforscher, 53, 3-44. Hoyt, D. V. and K. H. Schatten, 1995. Overlooked sunspot observations by Hevelius in the early Maunder Minimum. Solar Physics, 160, 387-392. Comments: 1. Wolf and others missed most of his sunspot observations in Machina Coelestis (vol. 2). We examined a copy of this book at the US Naval Observatory Library. 2. Johannes Hevelius (1611-1689) 1762 1762 1 HIRST, W., CALCUTTA Sources: Wolf, R., 1859. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 301. (ref. 137 - Phil. Trans.) Hirst, W., 1762. Phil. Trans., 53. 1895 1896 233 HOFFLER, ZURICH Sources: Wolfer, A., 1896. Wolfer's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,246. (ref. 722). Wolfer, A., 1897. Wolfer's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,272-273. (ref. 740). Comments: 1. Friedrich Hoffler. 2. Used same telescope as Wolfer for this year. 1703 1703 22 HOFFMANN, J.H., BERLIN Sources: Hoffmann, J. H., 1704. Ephemeris motuum coelestium ad ann. 1704. Berolini. Hoffmann, J. H., 1704. Maculae in sole observatis. 2 pp. Berlin. Hoffman, J. H., 1710. Misc. Berlinens, 1. Zinner, E., 1952. Altere Beobachtungen von Sonnenflecken. Naturforschende Gesellschaft Bamberg, 33, 36-37. Comments: 1. Johann Heinrich Hoffmann. 2. Lalande noted that this publication contained information on spots. 3. Wolf missed these observations. 4. J. H. Hoffman (?-1716). 1764 1764 5 HOFMANN, C., DRESDEN Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 121. (ref. 58) 1671 1676 5 HOOK, R., LONDON Sources: Hook, R., 1671. Observations of some spots in the Sun. Phil. Trans., 6, 2295. Gunther, R. T., 1920-1967. Early Science in Oxford. 15 vols. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Comments: 1. Wolf was unaware of these observations. 2. Robert Hook (1635-1703). 1769 1769 1 HORNSBY, T., OXFORD Sources: Hornsby, T., 1769. Transit of Venus. Phil. Trans., 59, 172-182. Comments: 1. Thomas Hornsby (1733-1810). 1767 1776 1261 HORREBOW/WOLF, COPENHAGEN Sources: Wolf, R., 1859. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 239. (ref. 122) Thiele, T. N., 1859. De macularum solis antiquioribus quibusdant observationibus Hafniae institutis. Astron. Nachr., No. 1193, 257-262. Wolf, R., 1869. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 315-317.(ref. 217). Wolf, R., 1866. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 240-247. Wolf, R., 1873. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 4, 120-127. (ref. 297). Comments: 1. Wolf recognizes Thiele's interpretation of Horrebow's observations is poor. 2. Thiele often counted individual spots as groups. 3. The Horrebow/Wolf interpretation based on Prof. Heinrich Louis d'Arrest (1822-1875) is incomplete, but otherwise moderately accurate(refs. 217 and 297.). 4. Christian Horrebow (1718-1776). 1761 1776 1532 HORREBOW, C., COPENHAGEN Sources: Horrebow's manuscripts, Univerity of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark. Hoyt, D. V. and K. H. Schatten, 1995. A new interpretation of Christian Horrebow's sunspot observations from 1761 to 1777. Solar Physics, 160, 387-392. Comments: 1. Reduced by us from original drawings. Results are similar to d'Arrest's, but cover more years. 2. Christian Horrebow (1718-1776), 1770 1774 410 HORREBOW - VERSION 2 Sources: Horrebow's manuscripts, Univerity of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark. Comments: 1. In this interpretation, Horrebow himself defines the groups and we use his group counts here. He only does this for five years. 2. Christian Horrebow (1718-1776). 1638 1638 6 HORROX, J., LIVERPOOL Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 50. (ref. 21) Horrocius, J., 1673. Opuscula astronomica. London, 496 pp. Comments: 1.Jeremiah Horrox or Horrocks (1619-1641) 1625 1625 1 HORTENSIUS, M., LUGD. BATAV. Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 119. (ref. 56) Hortensi, M., 1633. Dissertio de mercurio in Sole Visio et Venere Invisa. Ludg. Batav. Hortensius, M., 1634. Letters to Schickard. Sta. His., 2, 563 and 4, 201. Comments: 1. Martin Hortensius or Martin Von der Hove (1605- 1639). 1859 1892 766 HOWLETT, F., ENGLAND Sources: Wolf, R., 1869. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 317-319.(ref. 218 - MNRAS). Howlett, F., 1859-1892. Observations of sunspots. 8 vols. RAS Manuscript. RAS Library, London. Howlett, F., 1862. Observations of the solar spots. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 22, 6. Howlett, F., 1863. Observations of the solar spots. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 23, 266. Howlett, F., 1865. On solar spots. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 25, 63. Comments: 1. Wolf was aware of Howlett's observations, but did not use them. 2. Howlett's notebooks are in the RAS Library, London, and were examined by us. 3. Frederick Howlett (1821-1908). 1906 1916 1748 HRASE, PRAGUE Sources: Wolfer, A., 1907. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 271-272. (ref. 971). Wolfer, A., 1908. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 302. (ref. 992). Wolfer, A., 1909. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 347. (ref. 1019). Wolfer, A., 1910. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 16. (ref. 1046). Wolfer, A., 1911. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 46. (ref. 1070). Wolfer, A., 1912. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 72. (ref. 1093). Wolfer, A., 1913. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 102- 103. (ref. 1116). Wolfer, A., 1914. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 127- 128. (ref. 1138). Wolfer, A., 1915. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 175- 176. (ref. 1159). Wolfer, A., 1916. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 206- 207. (ref. 1180). Wolfer, A., 1917. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 234- 235. (ref. 1200). Comments: 1. Joseph Hrase. 1793 1803 5 HUBER, J.J., BASEL Sources: Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 151. (ref. 80) Huber, D., 1803. Manuscript. Basel. Wolf, R., 1871. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 287-290 1826 1837 1207 HUSSEY, T.J., ENGLAND Sources: Hussey, T. J., 1826-1837. Manuscript. RAS Library, London. Wolf, R., 1859. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 292. (ref. 133 - MNRAS) Hussey, T. J., 1826-1837. Observations of sunspots, 1826-1837. Manuscript RAS MSS Add. 17, RAS Library, London. Comments: 1. Wolf was aware of Hussey's observations but they were never included in his reconstruction. 2. We examined Hussey's observations at the RAS Library. 3. William Joseph Hussey (1862-1926). 1739 1739 2 HUXHAM, J., ENGLAND Sources: Wolf, R., 1859. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 300. (ref. 137 - Phil. Trans.) Huxham, J., 1739. Phil. Trans., 41. 1666 1683 2 HUYGENS, C., HAGUE Sources: Gunther, R. T., 1920-1967. Early Science in Oxford. 15 vols. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Comments: 1. Christiaan Huygens (1629-1695). 1680 1687 3 IHLE, J.A., BERLIN Sources: Ihle, J. A., 1680-1687. Sonnenflecken Beobachtungen in the Kirch family papers. Manuscript, Berlin. Landsberg, H. E., 1908. Variable solar emissions, the 'Maunder Minimum' and climatic temperature fluctuations. Arch. Met. Geophy. Biokl., Ser. B, 28, 181-191. Spoerer, G., 1889. Uber die Periodicitat der Sonnenflecken seit dem jahre 1618. Nova Acta de Ksl. Leop.-Carol. Deutschen Akademie der naturforscher, 53, 3-44. Comments: 1. Wolf was unaware of these observations. 2. Joh. Abraham Ihle. 1882 1887 1164 JANESCH, LAIBACH Sources: Wolf, R., 1884. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 7, 91-94. (ref. 494). Wolf, R., 1884. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 7, 160-161. (ref. 507). Wolf, R., 1886. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 7, 302-303. (ref. 524). Wolf, R., 1887. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 7, 351-352. (ref. 541). Wolf, R., 1888. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 19. (ref. 565). 1701 1705 19 JARTOUX, R.P., PEKING Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 49. (ref. 16) Wolf, C., 1730. Anfrangsgrunde der Astronomie. Augsberg. Jartoux, R. P., 1705. Observationes macularum solarium. Acta Eruditorum, pp. 483-487. Comment: 1. Wolf did not examine Acta Eruditorum, so missed six observations by Jartoux (a Jesuit missionary in China). 2. No more than one spot group was observed on the sun at the same time by anyone from 1650-1714. 3. There are figures of sunspots in Acta Eruditorum. The results of these measurements are probably incorporated into the observations of G. La Hire in our database. 4. Father Jartoux, Jesuit missionary to Peking. 1898 1900 149 JASTREMSKY, B., CHARKOW Sources: Wolfer, A., 1899. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9, 334- 335. (ref. 789). Wolfer, A., 1901. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 47- 48. (ref. 834). 1861 1865 585 JENZER, BERN Sources: Wolf, R., 1863. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 134. Wolf, R., 1864. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 164- 165. Wolf, R., 1865. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 194- 195. Wolf, R., 1865. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 221- 222. (ref. 197). Jenzer, 1861-1865. Various journals. Wolf, R., 1865. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 253. (ref. 211). Jenzer, 1864. Various journals. Wolf, R., 1866. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 27-28.(ref. 226). Jenzer, 1865. Various journals. 1686 1686 9 JESUITS, CHINA Sources: Mem. Acad. Sci. Paris, 1686. Vol. 7. Comments: 1. Wolf was not aware of these observations. 1612 1613 104 JUNGIUS, J., HAMBURG Sources: Wolf, R., 1888. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 27-28. (ref. 578). Jungius, J., 1612-1613. Solar disk drawings. Hamburg State Library. Hamburg. Comments: 1. Joachim Jungius (1587-1657). 2. Wolf was unaware of the drawings in Hamburg. 1898 1901 649 KAULBARS, ST. PETERSBURG Sources; Wolfer, A., 1899. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9, 336- 337. (ref. 794). Wolfer, A., 1900. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 24. (ref. 816). Wolfer, A., 1901. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 44- 45. (ref. 830). Wolfer, A., 1902. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 75- 76. (ref. 858). Comments: 1. General Lieutenant von Kaulbars. 2. Kaulbars made 248 observations in Helsingfors in 1898-1899. 1911 1913 771 KAVAN, PRAGUE Sources: Wolfer, A., 1912. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 72- 73. (ref. 1094). Wolfer, A., 1913. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 106- 107. (ref. 1120). Wolfer, A., 1914. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 133- 134. (ref. 1146). Comments: 1. J. Kavan. 1713 1715 58 KIRCH, M.M., BERLIN Sources: Wolf, R., 1867. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 90-97.(ref. 240). Kirch, M., 1713-1715. Sonnenflecken Beobachtungen (manuscript), Berlin. Spoerer, G., 1889. Uber die Periodicitat der Sonnenflecken seit dem jahre 1618. Nova Acta de Ksl. Leop.-Carol. Deutschen Akademie der naturforscher, 53, 3-44. Comments: 1. Maria Margarethe Winkelmann Kirch (1670-1720). 1678 1710 481 KIRCH, G., BERLIN Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 49. (ref. 15) Kirch, G., 1681. Neue Himmelseitung. Nurnberg. Wolf, R., 1867. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 90-97.(ref. 240). Kirch, G., 1678-1710. Sonnenflecken Beobachtungen (manuscript), Berlin. Kirch, G., 1709. Histoire, pp. 89-90. Wolf, R., 1875. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 4, 392-393. (ref. 325). De l'Isle, M., 1788. Memoires pour servir a l'histore et an progres de l'astronomie, de la geographie et de la physique. Petersbourg. Comments: 1. Gottfried Kirch (1639-1710) 1716 1736 394 KIRCH, C., BERLIN Sources: Wolf, R., 1867. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 90-97.(ref. 240). Kirch, C., 1716-1736. Sonnenflecken Beobachtungen (manuscript), Berlin. Comments: 1. Christoph or Christfried Kirch, son of Gottfried and Maria, (1694-1740). 2. The Kirch family observations are on microfilm. 1667 1667 1 KIRCHER, A., ROME Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 45 (ref. 3) Frick, J., 1681. Philosophisches und Theologisches Bedenken von den Cometen. Ulm, 228 pp. Comments: 1. Athanasius Kircher (1602-1680). 1900 1900 102 KITSCHIGIN, SPITZBERGEN Sources: Wolfer, A., 1901. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 48. (ref. 836). Comments: 1. J. Kitschigen. 1918 1918 103 KLANNICK, GOTHA Sources: Wolfer, A., 1919. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 23. (ref. 1242). Comments: 1. Ernst Klannick. 1861 1862 138 KLEIN, KOLN Sources: Wolf, R., 1877. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 5, 52-53. (ref. 346). Klein, H. J., 1868. Sonnenfleckenbeobachtungen. Wochentl. fur Astronomie, Meteorologie und Geographie, 262-263. Comments: 1. Hermann Joseph Klein (1844-1914). 1899 1918 1965 KLEINER, ZOBTEN Sources: Wolfer, A., 1900. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 22. (ref. 811). Wolfer, A., 1901. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 50. (ref. 839). Wolfer, A., 1902. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 72. (ref. 852). Wolfer, A., 1903. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 116- 117. (ref. 877). Wolfer, A., 1904. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 168- 169. (ref. 898). Wolfer, A., 1905. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 199- 200. (ref. 927). Wolfer, A., 1906. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 228- 229. (ref. 947). Wolfer, A., 1907. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 277. (ref. 980). Wolfer, A., 1908. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 307- 308. (ref. 999). Wolfer, A., 1909. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 351. (ref. 1024). Wolfer, A., 1910. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 19- 20. (ref. 1050). Wolfer, A., 1911. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 53. (ref. 1081). Wolfer, A., 1912. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 77. (ref. 1101). Wolfer, A., 1913. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 107. (ref. 1121). Wolfer, A., 1914. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 131- 132. (ref. 1143). Wolfer, A., 1915. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 181- 182. (ref. 1167). Wolfer, A., 1917. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 235. (ref. 1201). Wolfer, A., 1918. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 257. (ref. 1217). Wolfer, A., 1919. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 21. (ref. 1237). Comments: 1. Herman Kleiner. 1798 1798 5 KOHLER, J.G., GERMANY Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 76. (ref. 34 - Bode's Jahrbuch) Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 77. (ref. 34 - Bode's Jahrbuch) Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 108. (ref. 34 - Bode's Jahrbuch) Wolf, R., 1871. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 287-302. 1884 1886 965 KOKIDES, ATHENS Sources: Wolf, R., 1884. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 7, 169-171. (ref. 515). Wolf, R., 1887. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 7, 326-328. (ref. 533). Wolf, R., 1887. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 7, 366-368. (ref. 556). 1785 1785 1 KONIG, K.J., MANNHEIM Sources: Wolf, R., 1871. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 287-302. 1885 1905 3531 KONKOLY, OGYALLA Sources: Wolf, R., 1881. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 6, 135-136. (ref. 448). Konkoly, N. von, 1879-1881. Beobachtungen angestellt am astrophysikalischen Observatorium in O Gyalla. 3 vols. Halle. Wolf, R., 1887. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 7, 329-330. (ref. 535). Wolf, R., 1887. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 7, 354-355. (ref. 544). Wolf, R., 1888. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 25-26. (ref. 571). Wolf, R., 1889. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 114-115. (ref. 588). Wolf, R., 1890. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 231-232. (ref. 607). Wolf, R., 1891. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 305-306. (ref. 632). Wolf, R., 1892. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 386-387. (ref. 646). Wolf, R., 1893. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9, 59-60. (ref. 646). Wolfer, A., 1894. Wolfer's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,129-130. (ref. 692). Wolfer, A., 1895. Wolfer's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,227-228. (ref. 712). Wolfer, A., 1896. Wolfer's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,255-256. (ref. 733). Wolfer, A., 1897. Wolfer's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,280. (ref. 750). Wolfer, A., 1898. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9, 305- 306. (ref. 766). Wolfer, A., 1899. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9, 331- 332.(ref. 785). Wolfer, A., 1900. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 20- 21. (ref. 808). Wolfer, A., 1901. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 43. (ref. 827). Wolfer, A., 1902. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 69- 70. (ref. 848). Wolfer, A., 1903. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 109- 110. (ref. 867). Wolfer, A., 1904. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 163- 164. (ref. 891). Wolfer, A., 1905. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 192- 193. (ref. 917). Wolfer, A., 1906. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 221- 222. (ref. 939). Comments: 1. Wolf does not tabulate these observations in his journal for 1879-1881. 2. 1879-1881 data not in our database, but we have copy of volumes giving observations. They are a narrative account and thus difficult to reduce. 3. Nicolaus von Konkoly or Miklas Konkoly-Thege (?- 1916). 1949 1950 189 KORT, W., ST. MARIABURG Sources: Kort, W., 1949. Observations du Soleil. Gazette Astronomique, 31, 48-49. Kort, W., 1950. Observation du Soleil. Gazette Astronomique, 32, 26-30. Michiels, L., 1950. Observations du Soleil. Gazette Astronomique, 32, 85-88. Comments: 1. These are amatuer observations by Willy de Kort, Edmond Michiels, Laurent Michiels, and Paul Doine. 2. In case of two observers on one day, the maximum value is used. 1947 1984 7665 KOYAMA, H., TOKYO Sources: Koyama, H., 1985. Observations of Sunspots, 1947-1984. Kawadeshoboshinsha, Toyko, 354 pp. Comments: 1. Hisako Koyama. 1729 1729 14 KRAFT, G.W., ST. PETERSBURG Sources: Wolf, R., 1874. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 4, 263. (ref. 309). Kraft, G. W., 1745. Dissertationes duae de atmosphera Solis. Tubingae. 1778 1778 1 KRATZENSTEIN, COPENHAGEN Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 76. (ref. 34 - Bode's Jahrbuch) 1835 1836 158 KUNITOMO, OMI Sources: Yamamoto, I., 1935. Kunitomo's sunspot observations during 1835-1836. Kyoto Bull., 4, No. 3. Comments: 1. These observations were published after Wolf died. 2. They were made with a reflecting telescope and probably missed spots near the limb. 1682 1718 7170 LA HIRE, PH., PARIS Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 72. (ref. 22) Le Monnier, P. C., 1741. Histore Celeste. Paris. La Hire, P., 1686. J. des Savants. Wolf, R., 1860. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 30- 31.(ref. 150 - Hist. et mem. de l'Academie des Sciences) Wolf, R., 1860. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 31- 38.(ref. 151 - Histoire de l'Academie royale des Sciences) La Hire, P. Memoires, 10, 727. La Hire, P., 1700. Memoires, pp. 77, 123, 293. La Hire, P., 1701. Memoires, pp. 38. La Hire, P., 1702. Memoires, pp. 137, 139. La Hire, P., 1703. Memoires, pp. 15, 17, 109-128. La Hire, P., 1704. Memoires, pp. 40-45, 302. La Hire, P., 1705. Histoire, pp. 127, 128. La Hire, P., 1706. Histoire, pp. 122. 123. La Hire, P., 1707. Histoire, pp. 109-112. La Hire, P., 1708. Histoire, pp. 107-108. La Hire, P., 1709. Histoire, pp. 89-90. La Hire, P., 1710. Histoire, pp. 111. La Hire, P., 1713. Histoire, pp. 66. La Hire, P., 1682-1718. Manuscripts. Paris Observatory, Paris. Bigourdin, G., 1928. Observations jusqu'ici inedites des taches solaires faites a l'observatoire de Paris de 1683 a 1719 par Ph. La Hire et G. Ph. La Hire. Comptes Rendes Hebd. Academie des Sciences, Paris, 187, 185. Spoerer, G., 1889. Uber die Periodicitat der Sonnenflecken seit dem jahre 1618. Nova Acta de Ksl. Leop.-Carol. Deutschen Akademie der naturforscher, 53, 3-44. Comments: 1.Primary source is re-examination of original notebooks by Elizabeth Nesme-Ribes at the Paris Observatory. 2. Phillippe de La Hire (1640-1718). 1718 1719 121 LA HIRE, G., PARIS Sources: La Hire, G., 1718-1719. Manuscripts. Paris Observatory, Paris. Bigourdin, G., 1928. Comptes Rend. Hebd. Academie des Sciences, Paris, 187, 185. Comment: 1.Primary source is re-examination of original notebooks by Elizabeth Nesme-Ribes at the Paris Observatory. 2. Gabriel-Phillipe de La Hire (1677-1719). 1672 1676 20 LALANDE, MEMOIRES, PARIS Sources: Lalande, 1776. Memoire sur les taches du soleil et sur la rotation. Histoire de l'Academie royale des Sciences. Paris. Comments: 1. These are reports of various unidentified earlier observers, probably La Hire, Cassini, etc., which mostly duplicate what is already in the database. 2. It is probably safe to exclude these observations from any sunspot reconstruction since they are not original reports. 3. Joseph-Jerome Lefrancais de Lalande (1732-1807). 1705 1709 87 LALANDE, HISTORIE, PARIS Sources: Lalande, 1776. Memoire sur les taches du soleil et sur la rotation. Histoire de l'Academie royale des Sciences. Paris. Comments: 1. These are reports of various unidentified earlier observers, probably La Hire, Cassini, etc., which mostly duplicate what is already in the database. 2. It is probably safe to exclude these observations from any sunspot reconstruction since they are not original reports. 3. Joseph-Jerome Lefrancais de Lalande (1732-1807). 1752 1798 105 LALANDE, J., PARIS Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 120. (ref. 58) Zach, F. X., Allgemeine geographische Ephemeriden. 2. Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 146. (ref. 71) Connaissance des temps, 1796/97. Wolf, R., 1871. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 287-302. Comments: 1. Joseph-Jerome Lefrancais de Lalande (1732-1807). 1901 1903 202 LARIONOFF, MOHILEW Sources: Wolfer, A., 1902. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 74. (ref. 856). Wolfer, A., 1903. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 114. (ref. 873). Wolfer, A., 1904. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 171- 172. (ref. 902). 1720 1720 5 LAVAL, A.F., PARIS Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 50. (ref. 17) Laval, A. F., 1728. Voyage de la Louisiane. Paris. 1831 1832 200 LAWSON, H., HEREFORD Sources: Lawson, H., 1831-1832. Sunspot Observations. Manuscript, RAS Library, London. Lawson, H., 1847. On the spots on the Sun. Brit. Assoc. Rept., 2, 9. Comments: 1. Wolf was unaware of these observations. 2. Henry Lawson. 1733 1782 3 LE MONNIER, P.C., PARIS Sources: Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 155. (ref. 85) Le Monnier, P. C., 1751-1773. Observationes de la lune, du soleil et des etoiles fixes. Paris. Comments: 1. Pierre-Charles Le Monnier (1715-1799). 1956 1975 6532 LEE OBSERVATORY, BIERUT Sources: Lee Observatory, 1956-1975. Monthly Bulletin: Solar Atmospheric Observations. American University at Beirut, Beirut, lebanon. 1867 1881 2611 LEPPIG, LEIPZIG Sources: Wolf, R., 1869. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 154-155. Wolf, R., 1870. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 208-209. Wolf, R., 1870. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 234-236. (ref. 252). Wolf, R., 1871. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 287-302. Wolf, R., 1871. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 308-309. (ref. 265) Wolf, R., 1872. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 408-409. (ref. 278). Wolf, R., 1874. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 4, 261-262. (ref. 307). Wolf, R., 1879. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 5, 267-268. (ref. 398). Wolf, R., 1880. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 5, 287-291. (ref. 398). Wolf, R., 1880. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 5, 307-308. (ref. 418). Wolf, R., 1881. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 6, 61-63. (ref. 441). Wolf, R., 1882. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 6, 171-172. (ref. 464). Comments: 1. H. Leppig 2. In 1880, C. Bruhns is a joint observer. 1895 1907 1405 LEWITZKY, JURJEW Sources: Wolfer, A., 1894. Wolfer's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,134-135. (ref. 696). Wolfer, A., 1896. Wolfer's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,253. (ref. 730). Wolfer, A., 1897. Wolfer's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,277-278. (ref. 747). Wolfer, A., 1898. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,304. (ref. 764). Wolfer, A., 1899. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9, 332. (ref. 786). Wolfer, A., 1900. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 21. (ref. 809). Wolfer, A., 1901. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 44. (ref. 828). Wolfer, A., 1902. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 72- 73. (ref. 853). Wolfer, A., 1903. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 115- 116. (ref. 875). Wolfer, A., 1904. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 167. (ref. 895). Wolfer, A., 1906. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 234. (ref. 958). Wolfer, A., 1907. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 276-277. (ref. 979). Wolfer, A., 1908. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 305. (ref. 996). Comments: 1. G. Lewitzky. 2. Lewitzky made 126 observations in Charkow in 1893. 1725 1725 11 LIEFMANN, D.F., BUDISSIN Sources: Liefmann, D. F., 1725. Miscellanea physico-medico- mathematica. Comments: 1. Wolf did not examine this journal and missed these observations. 1776 1777 196 LIEVOG, E., COPENHAGEN Sources: Horrebow's manuscripts, Univerity of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark. Comments: 1. Reduced by us from original drawings. Results are similar to d'Arrest's, but cover more years. 1800 1827 519 LINDENER, B.A., GLATZ Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 108. (ref. 34 - Bode's Jahrbuch) Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 112. (ref. 34 - Bode's Jahrbuch) Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 122. (ref. 59) Zach, F. X., Monatliche Correspondenz, 27. Wolf, R., 1871. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 287-302. Lindener, B. A., 1800-1827. Manuscripts. University Library Archives, Wrolaw, Poland. Zinner, E., 1952. Altere Beobachtungen von Sonnenflecken. Naturforschende Gesellschaft Bamberg, 33, 36-37. Comments: 1. No spots visible in Jan 1813 (Zach ref.). 2. Wolf did not examine the original manuscripts and so missed most of these observations. 3. We re-examined and reduced these observations. 1644 1644 1 LINEMANNS, A., REGIOMONTUS Sources: Linemanns, A., 1644. Letter to Hevelius. Paris Bibliotheque archives. Comments: 1. Wolf was unaware of this observer. 1785 1785 1 LIPPOLD, G.H.E., WIEN Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 75. (ref. 33) Lippold, G. H. E., 1808. Naturlehre. Hamburg. 1910 1916 297 LISSAK, CHARLOTTENBURG Sources: Wolfer, A., 1911. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 53. (ref. 1080). Wolfer, A., 1912. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 83- 84. (ref. 1106). Wolfer, A., 1913. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 108. (ref. 1123). Wolfer, A., 1914. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 137. (ref. 1150). Wolfer, A., 1915. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 178. (ref. 1163). Wolfer, A., 1917. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 234. (ref. 1199). Comments: 1. Grete Lissak. 2. From 1913 to 1916 Lissak made 111 observations at Schneidemuhl. She did not observe in 1915. 1840 1840 1 LOHSE, POTSDAM Sources: Wolf, R., 1879. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 5, 270. (ref. 402). Wolf, R., 1880. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 5, 297. (ref. 408). Lohse, O., 1875. Sonnenflecken. Beobachtungen angestellt anf der Sternwarte des Kammerhorn von Bulow zu Bothkamp, 3, 69-92. Comments: 1. O. Lohse of Potsdam and later Bothkamp. 2. Lohse's 1872-1874 observations are ambiguous and so are not in our database. 1823 1823 9 LORENZ, WITTENBURG Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 112. (ref. 34 - Bode's Jahrbuch) 1926 1939 ?? LORETA, E., BOLOGNE Sources: Loreta, E., 1933. Observations des taches solaires en 1931-1932. Gazette Astronomique, 20, 13-15. Loreta, E., 1935. Observations des taches solaires en 1934. Gazette Astronomique, 22, 25-27. Loreta, E., 1936. Observations des taches solaires en 1935. Gazette Astronomique, 23, 13-15. Loreta, E., 1937. Observations des taches solaires en 1936. Gazette Astronomique, 24, 1-3. Loreta, E., 1938. Observations des taches solaires en 1937. Gazette Astronomique, 25, 9-12. Loreta, E., 1939. Observations des taches solaires en 1938. Gazette Astronomique, 26, 2-5. Loreta, E., 1940. Observations des taches solaires en 1939. Gazette Astronomique, 27, 31-33. Comments: 1. Loreta only provides monthly and yearly summaries of his observations, so they are not in our database. 2. Eppe Loreta (? - 1945), amateur astronomer. 1908 1914 1190 LUCCHINI, FLORENCE Sources: Wolfer, A., 1909. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 354. (ref. 1030). Wolfer, A., 1910. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 24- 25. (ref. 1058). Wolfer, A., 1911. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 53- 54. (ref. 1082). Wolfer, A., 1912. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 86. (ref. 1109). Wolfer, A., 1913. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 109- 110. (ref. 1127). Wolfer, A., 1914. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 135- 136. (ref. 1148). Wolfer, A., 1915. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 182. (ref. 1168). Comments: 1. Robert Luccini. 1967 1992 5120 LUNPING OBSERVATORY, TAIWAN Sources: Lunping Observatory, 1967-1992. Sunspot observations made at Lunping, Taiwan, China. Monthly Sunspots Data. Comments: 1. At 25 N, 121.2 E. 2. Serial at USNO Library. Gives northern and southern hemispheres and central disk as well as full disk counts of groups and individual spots. 1820 1820 1 LUTHMER, HANNOVER Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 112. (ref. 34 - Bode's Jahrbuch) 1897 1898 113 LYON, J.A., LEANDER MCCORMICK Sources: Wolfer, A., 1898. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,309- 310.(ref. 772). Lyon, J. A., 1898. Astronomical Observatory. No. 430. Wolfer, A., 1899. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,337. (ref. 795). Lyon, J. A., 1898. Sunspot observations for the months July-December, 1897. Astronomical Journal, No. 430, 179. Lyon, J. A., 1898. Sunspot observations, January-June, 1898. Astronomical Journal, No. 458, 16. Comments: 1. J. Adair Lyon at Leander McCormick Observatory, Charlottesville, VA. 1848 1848 ?? MACLEAD, OSTENDE Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 117. (ref. 48) Bulletins de l'Academie de Bruxelles. Comments: 1. Observations too vague to use. 1678 1678 1 MACULA IN SOLE, 1678 Sources: Wolf, R., 1873. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 4, 107-108. (ref. 286). Anonymous, 1678. Macula in Sole anno 1678 Maji 24. Pamplet. Comments: 1. This anonymous pamplet was actually written by Cassini. 1935 1972 8995 MADRID OBSERVATORY, MADRID Sources: Gullon, E. et al., 1935-1972. Observaciones de manchas solares. Boletin Astronomico del Observatorio de Madrid. Madrid. Comments: 1. Enrique Gullon is the first observer in this time series. 2. Sunspot groups for full hemisphere used, but are split into northern and southern hemisphere tabulations. 1895 1901 632 MAIER, SCHAUFLING Sources: Wolfer, A., 1896. Wolfer's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,253-254. (ref. 731). Wolfer, A., 1897. Wolfer's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,277. (ref. 746). Wolfer, A., 1898. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,303. (ref. 762). Wolfer, A., 1899. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9, 329. (ref. 782). Wolfer, A., 1900. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 17- 18. (ref. 805). Wolfer, A., 1901. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 40. (ref. 824). Wolfer, A., 1902. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 71. (ref. 850). Comments: 1. Pfarrer Max Maier. 1874 1875 107 MAIN, RADCLIFFE OBS., OXFORD Sources: Wolf, R., 1879. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 5, 246. (ref. 377). Main, R., 1875. Observations and delineations of solar spots made with the heliometer in the years 1874-5. Results of Astronomical and Meteorological Observations made at the Radcliffe Observatory, 35, 217-265. Comments: 1. Observations not tabulated in Wolf's journal. 2. Observations include drawings of individual sunspots, which have large penumbrae, mostly. 3. Robert Main (1808-1878). 1618 1626 185 MALAPERT, C., BELGIUM Sources: Malapert, C., 1633. Austriaca sidera heliocyclia astronomicis hypothesibus illigata. Douai. Comments: 1. Charles Malapert (1581-1630). 2. Data reduced by Elizabeth Nesme-Ribes. 1773 1777 87 MALLET, J.A., BERLIN Sources: Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 180. (ref. 108) Mallet, J. A., 1773-1777. Manuscript. Genfer Sternwarte. Wolf, R., 1871. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 287-302. Comments: 1. Jacob Andr. Mallet. 1918 1918 112 MALSCH, KARLSRUHE Sources: Wolfer, A., 1919. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 22. (ref. 1239). Comments: 1. W. Malsch. 1702 1738 714 MANFREDI, E., BONONIA Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 114- 115. (refs. 39 and 40) Manfredi, E., 1723. Mercurii ac solis Congressus Observatus die 9 Novembri 1723. Manfedi, E., 1724. Observatio solaris deliquii habita in specula astronomica Bononiensis Scientiarum institutis die 22 Maii 1724. Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 205. (ref. 120) Manfredi, E., 1703. Descrizione d'alcune macchie scoperte nel sole l'Anno 1703. Bologna. Wolf, R., 1859. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 300. (ref. 137 - Phil. Trans.) Manfredi, E., 1739. Phil. Trans., 40, 41. Manfredi, E., 1704. Memoires, pp. 132. Spoerer, G., 1889. Uber die Periodicitat der Sonnenflecken seit dem jahre 1618. Nova Acta de Ksl. Leop.-Carol. Deutschen Akademie der naturforscher, 53, 3-44. Manfredi, E., 1736. Conjunction of Mercury and Sun observed Nov 11, 1736. Manuscript. Royal Society Library, London. Baiada, E. and R. Merighi, 1982. The revival of solar activity after Maunder Minimum in reports and observations by E. Manfredi. Solar Physics, 77, 357- 362. Comments: 1. Eustachio Manfredi (1674-1739). 2. Baida and Merighi mention 547 days with sunspot observations by Manfredi in the unpublished archives at Bologna. Wolf found only 48 days of his observations. 3. These observations for 1703-1709 reconstructed from Manfredi's book and Baiada's paper, which uses correspondence unavailable to us. It is assumed only one spot group was observed, if spots were present, based upon Cassini's assertion that on no days prior to 1715 were more than one spot group on the disk at a time. 1673 1673 1 MANZIUS, D., BONONIA Sources: Manfredi, E., 1736. De Gnomone Meridiano Bonoiensi ad Divi Petronii. Laeli a Vulpa, Bononiae, 397 pp. Comments: 1. This observation is taken to be a zero spot day based upon comments by other observerrs during 1673. 1658 1672 273 MARALDI, F., BONONIA Sources: Manfredi, E., 1736. De Gnomone Meridiano Bonoiensi ad Divi Petronii. Laeli a Vulpa, Bononiae, 397 pp. Comments: 1. Francesco Maraldi is the father of M. Maraldi. 2. These observations come from Manfredi (1736) and are taken to be zero spot days mostly, based upon comments by other observers. 1688 1736 497 MARALDI, M., BONONIA Sources: Wolf, R., 1860. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 31- 38.(ref. 151 - Histoire de l'Academie royale des Sciences). Maraldi, M., 1701. Memoires, pp. 76, 261. Maraldi, M., 1704. Memoires, pp. 9-13, 40-45, 131. Maraldi, M., 1707. Histoire, pp. 111. Maraldi, M., 1710. Histoire, pp. 111. Maraldi, M., 1714. Histoire, pp. Maraldi, M., 1736. Histoire, pp. Spoerer, G., 1889. Uber die Periodicitat der Sonnenflecken seit dem jahre 1618. Nova Acta de Ksl. Leop.-Carol. Deutschen Akademie der naturforscher, 53, 3-44. Manfredi, E., 1736. De Gnomone Meridiano Bonoiensi ad Divi Petronii. Laeli a Vulpa, Bononiae, 397 pp. Comments: 1. Giacomo Filippo Maraldi (1665-1729). 1617 1618 541 MARIUS, S., NUREMBERG Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 44. (ref. 1) Marius, Simon, 1619. Astronomisches und Astrologische Beschreihung des Kometen von 1618. Nurnberg. Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 146. (ref. 65) Marius, S., 1614. Mundus jovialis Anno 1609 detectus ope perspicilli belgici. Norib., 175 pp. Zinner, E., 1952. Altere Beobachtungen von Sonnenflecken. Naturforschende Gesellschaft Bamberg, 33, 36-37. Comments: 1. Also called Simon Mayr (1573-1624). 1753 1756 2 MAYER, T., GOTTINGEN Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 76. (ref. 34 - Bode's Jahrbuch) Comments: 1. Tobias Mayer. 1778 1778 1 MAYER, T., MANNHEIM Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 76. (ref. 34 - Bode's Jahrbuch) Comments: 1. Tobias Mayer. 1663 1670 66 MENGOLI, P., BONONIA Sources: Manfredi, E., 1736. De Gnomone Meridiano Bonoiensi ad Divi Petronii. Laeli a Vulpa, Bononiae, 397 pp. Comments: 1. These 66 days are taken as zero spot days, based upon comments by other observers. 1690 1723 4 MENTZER, B., HAMBURG Sources: Mentzer, B., 1723. Dis von nicht wenigen curiosen Astronomis veriangte Nachricht der zwar selten zum Vorschein kommenden, dannoch A. 1690 etc. u. diesesmal d. 9. Nov. 1723 zum 4ten mais wurkl. observirtean Conjunction d. mercurii u. d. Sonne. Hamburg. 1. Wolf says this book contains nothing about sunspots. 2. Balthasar Mentzer (1679-1741). 1883 1896 3221 MERINO, MADRID Sources: Wolf, R., 1884. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 7, 94-95. (ref. 495). Wolf, R., 1884. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 7, 168-169. (ref. 514). Wolf, R., 1886. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 7, 307-308. (ref. 530). Wolf, R., 1887. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 7, 355-356. (ref. 545). Wolf, R., 1888. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 21-22. (ref. 567). Wolf, R., 1889. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 116-117. (ref. 590). Wolf, R., 1890. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 241-243. (ref. 615). Wolf, R., 1891. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 309-310. (ref. 636). Wolf, R., 1892. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 388-389. (ref. 648). Wolf, R., 1893. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9, 61-62. (ref. 671). Wolfer, A., 1894. Wolfer's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,130-131. (ref. 693). Wolfer, A., 1895. Wolfer's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,224-225. (ref. 709). Wolfer, A., 1896. Wolfer's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,251. (ref. 728). Wolfer, A., 1897. Wolfer's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,278. (ref. 748). Comments: 1. Migh. Merino 1902 1910 1715 MESSERSCHMITT, MUNCHEN Sources: Wolfer, A., 1903. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 120. (ref. 882). Wolfer, A., 1904. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 168- 169. (ref. 899). Wolfer, A., 1905. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 200. (ref. 928). Wolfer, A., 1906. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 227- 228. (ref. 946). Wolfer, A., 1907. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 274. (ref. 974). Wolfer, A., 1908. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 309- 310. (ref. 1004). Wolfer, A., 1909. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 352- 353. (ref. 1028). Wolfer, A., 1910. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 22- 23. (ref. 1056). Wolfer, A., 1911. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 48- 49. (ref. 1073). Comments: 1. J. B. Messerschmidt. 1750 1799 11 MESSIER, PARIS Sources: Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 147. (ref. 71) Connaissance des temps, 1799/1800. Connaissance des temps, 1806/07. Wolf, R., 1860. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 31- 38.(ref. 151 - Histoire de l'Academie royale des Sciences) Messier. Histoire, 1771, 1778, 1786, 1787, 1790. Wolf, R., 1860. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 31- 38.(ref. 151 - Histoire de l'Academie royale des Sciences) Messier. Memoires de l'Academie royale des Sciences, 2, 5, 6. Wolf, R., 1871. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 287-302. Comments: 1. Charles Messier (1730-1817). 1787 1787 1 METZBURG, G.I., WIEN Sources: Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 154. (ref. 84) Ephemerides ad Meridianum Vindobonensem, 1788. 1864 1871 912 MEYER, ZURICH Sources: Wolf, R., 1865. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 194- 195. Wolf, R., 1866. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 74-75. Wolf, R., 1869. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 154-155. Wolf, R., 1870. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 208-209. Wolf, R., 1871. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 287-302. Wolf, R., 1872. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 405-406. (ref. 275). 1699 1699 1 MEYER, J., REGENSBURG Sources: Meyer, J., 1699. Sonnenfinsternis f. 1699 u. Regensburg. Gottingen Archives, Philos., 60, 361, 370. Gottingen, Germany. Comments: 1. Wolf missed this observations. 1663 1695 6 MEZZAVACCA, C., BONONIA Sources: Manfredi, E., 1736. De Gnomone Meridiano Bonoiensi ad Divi Petronii. Laeli a Vulpa, Bononiae, 397 pp. Comments: 1. These 6 observations come from Manfredi (1736) and are taken to be zero spot days, based upon comments by other observers. 1882 1882 88 MIETHE, POTSDAM Sources: Wolf, R., 1883. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 6, 340. (ref. 472). Comments: 1. Adolf Miethe 1913 1914 143 MILORADOWITSCH, PULKOWO Sources: Wolfer, A., 1914. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 137. (ref. 1151). Wolfer, A., 1915. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 180. (ref. 1165). Comments: 1. Fraulein von Miloradowitsch. 1898 1900 135 MIRKOWITSCH, JAROSLAW Sources: Wolfer, A., 1899. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,336. (ref. 792). Wolfer, A., 1901. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 44. (ref. 829). Comments: 1. A. Mirkowitsch at a private observatory in Russia. 1695 1699 2 MOEREN, J.T., NUREMBERG Sources: Moeren, J. T., 1695. Misc. Curiosa (third series), 3, 252. Moeren, J. T., 1699. Misc. Curiosa (third series), 7, 163. Comments: 1. Wolf was unaware of these observations. 1626 1629 126 MOGLING, D., DARMSTADT Sources: Mogling, D., 1626-1629. Sonnenflecken Buch (Solar disk drawings). Hessische Landes- und Hochschulbibliothek Darmstadt, Germany. Zinner, E., 1952. Altere Beobachtungen von Sonnenflecken. Naturforschende Gesellschaft Bamberg, 33, 36-37. Comments: 1. Wolf was unaware of these drawings. 2. Daniel Mogling. 1937 1962 ?? MOISSEIV, A., MOSCOW Sources: Moisseiv, A., 1937. Taches solaires visibles a l'oeil nu pendant la premiere moitre de 1937. Gazette Astronomique, 24, 98-99. Moisseiv, A., 1938. Taches solaires visibles a l'oeil nu pendant la seconde moitre de 1937. Gazette Astronomique, 25, 93-94. Moisseiv, A., 1938. Observations des taches solaires en 1937 et 1938. Gazette Astronomique, 26, 27-28. Moisseiv, A., 1947. Observations des taches solaires en 1946. Gazette Astronomique, 29, 41-42. Moisseiv, A., 1948. L'activite solaire en 1947. Gazette Astronomique, 30, 56-57. Moisseiv, A., 1958. Observations du Soleil a l'oeil nu en 1937-1957. Gazette Astronomique, 40, 9-11. Moisseiv, A., 1959. Observations du Soleil a l'oeil nu en 1958. Gazette Astronomique, 41, 23-24. Moisseiv, A., 1960. Observations du Soleil a l'oeil nu en 1959. Gazette Astronomique, 42, 10-11. Moisseiv, A., 1963. Observations du Soleil a l'oeil nu en 1960-1962. Gazette Astronomique, 43, 37. Comments: 1. Yearly and monthly summaries are given, so they are not in our database. 1874 1893 3598 MONCALIERI Sources: Wolf, R., 1877. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 5, 56-58. (ref. 348). Wolf, R., 1878. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 5, 192-193. (ref. 369). Wolf, R., 1879. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 5, 255-256. (ref. 388). Wolf, R., 1880. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 5, 311-312. (ref. 422). Wolf, R., 1881. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 6, 64-65. (ref. 443). Wolf, R., 1882. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 6, 167-168. (ref. 459). Wolf, R., 1883. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 6, 350-351. (ref. 481). Wolf, R., 1884. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 7, 98-99. (ref. 499). Wolf, R., 1884. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 7, 164-165. (ref. 511). Wolf, R., 1886. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 7, 305-306. (ref. 527). Wolf, R., 1887. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 7, 361-362. (ref. 551). Wolf, R., 1888. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 31-32. (ref. 575). Wolf, R., 1889. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 121-122. (ref. 594). Wolf, R., 1890. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 246-247. (ref. 619). Wolf, R., 1891. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 310-311. (ref. 637). Wolf, R., 1892. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 397. (ref. 655). Wolf, R., 1893. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9, 69. (ref. 677). Wolfer, A., 1894. Wolfer's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,126-127. (ref. 690). 1671 1676 107 MONTANARI, G., BONONIA Sources: Manfredi, E., 1736. De Gnomone Meridiano Bonoiensi ad Divi Petronii. Laeli a Vulpa, Bononiae, 397 pp. Comments: 1. These 107 days are taken as zero spot days based upon comments by other observers, such as Manfredi. 1877 1886 2383 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW Sources: Wolf, R., 1879. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 5, 265-267. (ref. 397). Wolf, R., 1880. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 5, 315-316. (ref. 426). Wolf, R., 1881. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 6, 63-64. (ref. 442). Wolf, R., 1882. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 6, 253-254. (ref. 467). Wolf, R., 1883. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 6, 351-353. (ref. 482). Wolf, R., 1884. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 7, 152-153. (ref. 501). Wolf, R., 1884. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 7, 176-177. (ref. 520). Wolf, R., 1887. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 7, 330-331. (ref. 536). Wolf, R., 1887. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 7, 404-405. (ref. 559). 1676 1676 2 MOORE, J., LONDON (RS ARCHIVE Sources: Moore, J., 1676. One page drawing of sunspots. Royal Society Library, London. (labelled J. M.) Comments: 1. Wolf was unaware of these full disk drawings. 2. Jonas Moore (1617-1679). 1896 1897 160 MORGAN, H.R., LEANDER MCCORMI Sources: Wolfer, A., 1898. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,309. (ref. 771). Morgan, H. R., 1898. Sunspot observations. Astronomical Observatory. No. 409, 7. Comments: 1. Herbert Rollo Morgan (1875-1957) at Leander McCormick Observatory, Charlottesville, VA. 1904 1909 58 MOROSOFF, MOSCOW Sources: Wolfer, A., 1905. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 198. (ref. 925). Wolfer, A., 1906. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 230. (ref. 950). Wolfer, A., 1910. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 21. (ref. 1053). Comments: 1. D. Morosoff or Morosow. 1890 1925 2799 MOUNT HOLYOKE COLLEGE Sources: Wolfer, A., 1908. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 313- 314. (ref. 1010). Wolfer, A., 1909. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 349. (ref. 1022). Wolfer, A., 1910. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 15- 16. (ref. 1045). Wolfer, A., 1911. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 45. (ref. 1069). Wolfer, A., 1912. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 71- 72. (ref. 1092). Wolfer, A., 1913. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 101- 102. (ref. 1115). Wolfer, A., 1914. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 126. (ref. 1136). Wolfer, A., 1915. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 174. (ref. 1157). Wolfer, A., 1916. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 205. (ref. 1178). Wolfer, A., 1917. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 231. (ref. 1195). Wolfer, A., 1918. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 255- 256. (ref. 1214). Wolfer, A., 1919. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 16- 17. (ref. 1232). Wolfer, A., 1920. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 40. (ref. 1253). Wolfer, A., 1921. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 60. (ref. 1279). Wolfer, A., 1922. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 83. (ref. 1322). Wolfer, A., 1923. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 104. (ref. 1359). Wolfer, A., 1924. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 122- 123. (ref. 1401). Wolfer, A., 1925. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 144. (ref. 1440). Wolfer, A., 1926. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 164- 165. (ref. 1488). Bardwell, E. M., 1891. Sunspot observations. The Sidereal Messenger, 10, p. 37. Comments: 1. Anne S. Young, observatory director. 2. Wolf has 1907 and later data only. 3. These observations continue in later years, but are not in our database. 1659 1661 234 MOUTON, G., LYON Sources: Mouton, G., 1659-1661. Solar transit observations. Manuscript. Paris Observatory. Comments: 1. Dates of transits, plus absence of sunspots, establishes days when no spots were on the sun. 1911 1925 4744 MOYE, MONTPELLIER Sources: Wolfer, A., 1912. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 81- 82. (ref. 1104). Wolfer, A., 1913. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 105- 106. (ref. 1119). Wolfer, A., 1914. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 129- 130. (ref. 1140). Wolfer, A., 1915. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 177- 178. (ref. 1161). Wolfer, A., 1916. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 209- 210. (ref. 1184). Wolfer, A., 1917. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 233- 234. (ref. 1197). Wolfer, A., 1918. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 260- 261. (ref. 1221). Wolfer, A., 1919. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 19- 20. (ref. 1235). Wolfer, A., 1920. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 43- 44. (ref. 1257). Wolfer, A., 1921. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 63- 64. (ref. 1283). Wolfer, A., 1922. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 86- 87. (ref. 1326). Wolfer, A., 1923. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 106- 107. (ref. 1362). Wolfer, A., 1924. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 124- 125. (ref. 1404). Wolfer, A., 1925. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 147- 148. (ref. 1444). Wolfer, A., 1926. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 167- 168. (ref. 1492). Moye, M., 1935. Observations des taches solaires en 1934 faites a Montpellier. Gazette Astronomique, 22, 97. Moye, M., 1936. Observations des taches solaires en 1935 faites a Montpellier. Gazette Astronomique, 23, 38. Moye, M., 1937. Observations des taches solaires en 1936 faites a Montpellier. Gazette Astronomique, 24, 23. Moye, M., 1938. Observations des taches solaires en 1937 faites a Montpellier. Gazette Astronomique, 25, 13. Moye, M., 1939. Observations des taches solaires en 1938 faites a Montpellier. Gazette Astronomique, 26, 8. Comments: 1. Marcel Moye. 2. We have daily observations by Moye through 1925 from Wolf. Some monthly observations indicate he was observing through 1938. 1962 1991 8606 MT. WILSON NETWORK Sources: National Geophysical Data Center, 1990. Solar Variability Affecting Earth. CDROM, NGDC-05/1. 1917 1985 10890 MT. WILSON, CENTER OF DISK Sources: Howard, R., 1993. Personal communication. Comments: 1. These data are not used in the solar activity reconstruction. They can be useful in comparison to full disk counts. 1923 1958 11668 MT. WILSON, FULL DISK Sources: Mt. Wilson Observatory, 1923-1958. Summary of Mount Wilson Magnetic Observations of Sunspots (monthly). Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 1719 1720 45 MULLER, J.C., PRAGUE Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 76. (ref. 34 - Bode's Jahrbuch) Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 156- 157. (ref. 93) Scheibel, Einleitung zur mathematischen Bucherkenntniss. Eimmart papers, 1677-1720. St. Petersburg's State Library, St. Petersburg, Russia. Muller, J. C., 1719. Maculae solares advirna depictae prout nimirum in opido Bohemiae Caesareo. Branddeis ad Albim 2 1/2 millbaribus Prage distante sub elevatione poli 50o 9' per telescopium observatur sunt A. C. MDCCXIX mensibus, diebus ac horis cuique schemoti suprascripts a Johanne Christophoro Muller, S.C.M. capitan et ingene. Comments: 1. In ref. 93, Wolf indicates he knows Muller's observations exist, but apparently does not use them. 2. Muller's observations are in Eimmart's papers at the St. Petersburg Library. They are color drawings of the disk and sunspots and are the best observations made before 1800. These are our primary source for Muller's observations. 3. Johann Christop Muller (1671-1731). 1705 1709 80 MULLER, J.H., NUREMBERG Sources: Eimmart papers, 1677-1720. St. Petersburg's State Library, St. Petersburg, Russia. Muller, J. H., 1706-1709. Altitudinus solis. 141 pp. (Eimmart papers, St. Petersburg State Library, St. Petersburg, Russia). Comments: 1. Wolf was unaware of these observations. 2. J. H. Muller of Nuremberg and Altorfii are probably the same person. 1716 1718 3 MULLER, J.H., ALTORFII Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 50. (ref. 19) Mulleri, J. H., 1723. Observationes astronomico- physicae selectae in specula Altorfina A. 1711-1723 habitae. Altorfi. Comments: 1. J. H. Muller of Nuremberg and Altorfii are probably the same person. 1739 1742 66 MUSANO, M., VENICE Sources: Musano, M., 1742. Modo di Scoprire varj moti veri, ed apparenti delle macchie del sole e loro uso. Raccato d Opuscoli Scientifici a Filogiri, 50, 299-322. Comments: 1. Wolf did not examine this journal and missed these observations. 2. Article has figures of full disk of sun with sunspots on p. 320. 1936 1936 207 N.A.O., JAPAN, K=0.55 Sources: National Astronomical Observatory, 1936. Monthly Bulletin of Solar Phenomena. Tokyo. Comments: 1. Observations with observer k = 0.55 are grouped together. 1937 1944 2059 N.A.O., JAPAN, K=0.60 Sources: National Astronomical Observatory, 1937-1944. Monthly Bulletin of Solar Phenomena. Tokyo. Comments: 1. Observations with observer k = 0.60 are grouped together. 1931 1934 921 N.A.O., JAPAN, K=0.65 Sources: National Astronomical Observatory, 1931-1934. Monthly Bulletin of Solar Phenomena. Tokyo. Comments: 1. Observations with observer k = 0.65 are grouped together. 1935 1948 1293 N.A.O., JAPAN, K=0.70 Sources: National Astronomical Observatory, 1935-1948. Monthly Bulletin of Solar Phenomena. Tokyo. Comments: 1. Observations with observer k = 0.70 are grouped together. 1930 1930 244 N.A.O., JAPAN, K=0.75 Sources: National Astronomical Observatory, 1930. Monthly Bulletin of Solar Phenomena. Tokyo. Comments: 1. Observations with observer k = 0.75 are grouped together. 1928 1929 450 N.A.O., JAPAN, K=0.85 Sources: National Astronomical Observatory, 1928-1929. Monthly Bulletin of Solar Phenomena. Tokyo. Comments: 1. Observations with observer k = 0.85 are grouped together. 1949 1993 12243 NATIONAL ASTRON. OBS., JAPAN Sources: National Astronomical Observatory, 1949-1993. Monthly Bulletin of Solar Phenomena. Tokyo. Comments: 1. k = 0.72 for 1949 through Dec 1985. 2. k = 0.60 for 1986 to present. 1820 1820 1 NICOLAI, F., MANNHEIM Sources: Wolf, R., 1869. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 319.(ref. 222). 1633 1635 2 OCTOUL, AVENIONE Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 74. (ref. 28) Octoul, 1643. Inventa Astronomica. Avenione. 1897 1901 254 OLIVER, A.I., BOSTON U., MA Sources: Wolfer, A., 1900. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 21- 22. (ref. 810). Oliver, A. J., J. J. Ryan, and W. A. Coit, 1900. Observations of sunspots, made at the Boston University Observatory. Astronomical Journal, No. 466, 79. 1778 1778 97 ORIANI, B., MILAN Sources: Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 173- 174. (ref. 96) Ephemerides Mediolan, 1780. 1947 1949 331 OSKANJAN, V., BELGRADE Sources: Oskanjan, V., 1947-49. Observations des taches solaires. Bulletin de l'Observaoire Astronomique de l'Universite de Belgrade. Vols. 12-14. Comments: 1. Primary observer at Belgrade was M. Protitch, but V. Oskanjan took over for three years. 1904 1905 230 OSSIPOFF, TASCHKENT Sources: Wolfer, A., 1906. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 231- 232. (ref. 954). Comments: 1. Oberst M. Ossipoff, director of the observatory. 1955 1968 1931 OZGUC, A., KANDILLI OBS. Sources: Ozguc, A. and M. N. Yazici, 1971. Statistical sunspot results in Kandilli Observatory from 1955 to 1968. Kandilli Observatory, Heliophysics Service, Istanbul. Comments: 1. Continues observations started by M. Dizer. 1710 1713 204 PARISIUS, J.C., BONONIA Sources: Manfredi, E., 1736. De Gnomone Meridiano Bonoiensi ad Divi Petronii. Laeli a Vulpa, Bononiae, 397 pp. Baiada, E. and R. Merighi, 1982. The revival of solar activity after Maunder Minimum in reports and observations by E. Manfredi. Solar Physics, 77, 357- 362. Comments: 1. Salvago (in Baiada's paper) says no spots were seen for 1710 to May 1713. According to Manfredi's book, these observations were made by Parisius, so they are attributed to him here. salvago may have his own observations for this time interval, but we have not found his records. 1724 1724 1 PARMA, J., ITALY Sources: Parma, J., 1724. Solar eclipse of May 22, 1724. Giornale di Litterati d'Italia, 36, 292. Comments: 1. Wolf missed this eclipse observation. 1819 1833 1477 PASTORFF, J.W., DROSSEN Sources: Pastorff, J. W., 1819-1833. Manuscript. RAS Library, London. Hoyt, D. V. and K. H. Schatten, 1995. A revised listing of the number of sunspot groups made by pastorff, 1819 to 1833. Solar Physics, 160, 393-399. Comments: 1. The manuscript at the RAS Library, London, was re- examined by us to obtain these results. 1819 1833 1767 PASTORFF/WOLF, DROSSEN Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 112- 113. (ref. 34 - Bode's Jahrbuch) Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 122- 123. (ref. 61) Pastorff, J. W., 1824. Astron. Nachr., No. 87. Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 123. (ref. 61) Pastorff, J. W., 1827. Astron. Nachr., No. 133. Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 123. (ref. 61) Pastorff, J. W., 1829. Astron. Nachr., No. 144. Wolf, R., 1875. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 4, 280-290. (ref. 324). Ranyard, A. C., 1874. On a remarkable nebulous spot observed upon the Sun's disc by Pastorff, May 26th, 1828. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 34, 26. Comments: 1. Wolf's major source for Pastorff's sunspot observations is ref. 324, an examination of the drawings by A. C. Ranyard. He confused groups and individual spots and consequently got very high group counts (i.e, often above 30). These observations should not be used in any sunspot reconstruction. 2. Wolf used these erroneous observations on some days. 3. The manuscript at the RAS Library, London, was re- examined by us. 4. It is not clear why our day count and that by Raynard differ. 1666 1666 1 PAYEN, A.-F., AVIGNON Sources: Le Monnier, P. C., 1741. Histore Celeste. Paris (p. 3). 1780 1780 1 PAYSON, P., CAMBRIDGE, MA Sources: Payson, P., 1783. Mem, Am. Ph. Soc., 1, 124-126. Comments: 1. Wolf did not examine this journal and missed this observation. 1844 1870 1308 PETERS, C.H.F., CLINTON, NY Sources: Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 143. (ref. 61) Peters, C. H. F. Astron. Nachr., No. 549. Wolf, R., 1860. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 23. (ref. 142 - Poggendorf's journal) Peters, C.H.F. Ann. der Phys. u. Chemie, 96. Frost, E. F., 1907. Heliographic Positions of Sun-spots observed at Hamilton College from 1860 to 1870" (made by Peters), 189 pp. Comments: 1. Primary source for Peters' sunspot observations is his papers in the Hamilton College library at Clinton NY and the 1907 publication. 2. Wolf missed most of Peters observations. 3. Christian Heinrich Friedrich Peters (1813-1890). 1840 1841 13 PETERSEN, A.C., ALTONA Sources: Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 295. (ref. 136) Kysaus, R., 1846. Ueber die Axendrehung der Sonne. Siegen. 1652 1677 40 PETITUS, P., PARIS Sources: Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 155. (ref. 87) Duhamel, J. B., 1660. Astronomia physica. Paris, 224, 23, 61 pp. 1660 1682 3697 PICARD, J., PARIS Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 72. (ref. 22) Le Monnier, P. C., 1741. Histore Celeste. Paris. Rost, J. L., 1726. Astronomisches Handbuch. Nurnberg. Wolf, R., 1859. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 295. (ref. 137 - Phil. Trans.) Picard, J. Phil. Trans., 6. Bigourdin, G., 1928. Comptes Rend. Hebd. Academie des Sciences, Paris, 187, 185. Comments: 1. Primary source is re-examination of original notebooks by Elizabeth Nesme-Ribes. 2. Rost, 1726 says Picard saw no sunspots for 1661- 1671. 3. Birch (History of the Royal Society, vol. 2, p. 486) says Picard saw a spot on Aug 11, 1671, which was the first one he had seen in 10 years. Birch was quoting from a letter by Fogelius to Oldenburg, dated Aug 11, 1671. 4. Jean Picard (1620-1682). 1680 1680 23 PICARD, J., BAYONNE Sources: Picard, J., 1674. Memoires. Comments: 1. Picard travelled and made solar observations too. These record his dates of observations and from other sources, we know he observed no spots, so these are zero spot days. 2. Reference here is incomplete. 3. Jean Picard (1620-1682). 1681 1681 20 PICARD, J., ENGLAND Sources: Picard, J., 1674. Memoires. Comments: 1. Picard travelled and made solar observations too. These record his dates of observations and from other sources, we know he observed no spots, so these are zero spot days. 2. Reference here is incomplete. 3. Jean Picard (1620-1682). 1674 1674 19 PICARD, J., MONTPELLIER Sources: Picard, J., 1674. Memoires. Comments: 1. Picard travelled and made solar observations too. These record his dates of observations and from other sources, we know he observed no spots, so these are zero spot days. 2. Reference here is incomplete. 1653 1659 2352 PICARD/KEILL, PARIS Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 75. (ref. 31) Keill, J., 1748. Introductio ad veram astronomiam. Lintot (4th ed.), London, 396 pp. Keill, John, 1746. Institutions Astronomiques. Chez H. L. Guerin & J. Guerin, Paris, 660 pp. Comments: 1. Keill says Picard saw one or two sunspots from May 1653 to June 1670 (pp. 51-53 of Institutiones). From other sources we can identify the spots seen in 1660 and conclude none were seen for 1653-1659. Keill in 1745 was the last person to see these early notebooks by Picard. 2. Jean Picard (1620-1682). 3. John Keill (1671-1721). 1786 1786 1 PIGOTT, E., BOOTHAM Sources: Wolf, R., 1871. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 287-302. 1753 1753 1 PINGRE, A.G., PARIS Sources: Wolf, R., 1860. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 31- 38.(ref. 151 - Histoire de l'Academie royale des Sciences) Pingre, A. G. Histoire, 1753. Comments: 1. Alexander Gray pingre (1711-1796). 1704 1726 423 PLANTADE, J., MONTPELLIER Sources: Wolf, R., 1860. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 25- 28.(ref. 148) Plantade, J., 1704-1726. Manuscript. Gesellschaft der Wissenschaft zu Montpellier. Comments: 1. Manuscripts examined by Prof. Gervais. 2. Present location of manuscript unknown. 3. Von Bon and Clapier aided Plantade in his observations. 1762 1762 7 POCZOBUT, L.P., MARSEILLES Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 118. (ref. 51) Smith, R., 1767. Cours complet d'optique. Avignon. 1851 1851 13 POGSON, N., LONDON Sources: Bishop, Mr., 1851. Observations of solar spots about the time of the total eclipse, July 28, 1851, taken at Mr. Bishop's observatory, London, by Norman Pogson, Jr., Mem. RAS, 21, 117-120. Comments: 1. Wolf was unaware of these observations. 2. Norman Pogson (1829-1891). 1715 1727 3 POLENI, J., PADUA Sources: Wolf, R., 1859. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 299. (ref. 137 - Phil. Trans.) Poleni, J., 1724. Solar eclipse of May 22, 1724. Giornale di Litterati d'Italia, 36, 292. Poleni, J., 1725. Solar eclipse of May 3, 1715. Giornale di Litterati d'Italia, 22, 430. 1804 1844 115 PRANTNER, S.M.J., WILTEN Sources: Prantner, S. M. J., 1804-1844. Notebooks, 22 vols., Stiftsarchiv Wilten, Innsbruck, Austria. Zinner, E., 1952. Altere Beobachtungen von Sonnenflecken. Naturforschende Gesellschaft Bamberg, 33, 36-37. Comments: 1. Wolf was unaware of these observations. 2. We have seen some of these observations, but may not have all of them in our database. 1936 1954 3357 PROTITCH, M., BELGRADE Sources: Protitch, M., 1936-1954. Observations des taches solaires. Bulletin de l'Observaoire Astronomique de l'Universite de Belgrade. Vols. 1-19. Comments: 1. Primary observer throughout was M. Protitch. Other observers include M. Simic, U. Zivanovic, O. Kovacevic, V. Oskanjan, B. M. Sevarlic, and perhaps others. 2. V. Oskanjan was primary observer for 1947-1949 at Belgrade. 1836 1836 ?? QUETELET Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 117. (ref. 48) Bulletins de l'Academie de Bruxelles. Comments: 1. Observations too vague to use. 1631 1631 1 QUIETANUS, J.R., GERMANY Sources: Quietanus, J. R., 1631. Flamsteed manuscript collection. Cambridge University Library, Cambridge, England. Comments: 1. Wolf was unaware of this observer. 1889 1921 10860 QUIMBY, PHILADELPHIA Sources: Quimby, A. W., 1889. Sun-spot observations. Astronomical Journal, No. 210, 139. Quimby, A. W., 1890. Sun-spot observations. Astronomical Journal, No. 222, 44. Quimby, A. W., 1891. Sun-spot observations. Astronomical Journal, No. 237, 165. Quimby, A. W., 1892. Observations of sunspots. Astronomical Journal, No. 245, 35. Quimby, A. W., 1892. Sun-spot observations. Astronomical Journal, No. 253, 102-103. Quimby, A. W., 1892. Sun-spot observations. Astronomical Journal, No. 271, 53-54. Quimby, A. W., 1893. Sun-spot observations. Astronomical Journal, No. 288, 189-190. Quimby, A. W., 1893. Sun-spot observations. Astronomical Journal, No. 299, 83-84. Quimby, A. W., 1894. Sun-spot observations. Astronomical Journal, No. 311, 196. Quimby, A. W., 1894. Sun-spot observations. Astronomical Journal, No. 322, 78-79. Quimby, A. W., 1895. Sun-spot observations. Astronomical Journal, No. 344, 175. Wolf, R., 1891. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 304-305. (ref. 631). Wolf, R., 1892. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 391-393. (ref. 651). Wolf, R., 1893. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9, 60-61. (ref. 670). Wolfer, A., 1894. Wolfer's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,125-126. (ref. 689). Wolfer, A., 1896. Wolfer's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,249-250. (ref. 726). Wolfer, A., 1897. Wolfer's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,275-276. (ref. 744). Wolfer, A., 1898. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,302- 303. (ref. 761). Wolfer, A., 1899. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,330- 331.(ref. 783). Wolfer, A., 1900. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 16- 17. (ref. 804). Wolfer, A., 1901. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 41- 42. (ref. 825). Wolfer, A., 1902. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 68- 69. (ref. 847). Wolfer, A., 1903. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 111- 112. (ref. 869). Wolfer, A., 1904. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 165- 166. (ref. 893). Wolfer, A., 1905. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 193- 194. (ref. 918). Wolfer, A., 1906. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 224- 225. (ref. 942). Wolfer, A., 1907. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 270-271. (ref. 969). Wolfer, A., 1908. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 302- 303. (ref. 993). Wolfer, A., 1909. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 348- 349. (ref. 1021). Wolfer, A., 1910. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 17- 18. (ref. 1048). Wolfer, A., 1911. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 46- 47. (ref. 1071). Wolfer, A., 1912. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 73- 74. (ref. 1095). Wolfer, A., 1913. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 103- 104. (ref. 1117). Wolfer, A., 1914. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 128- 129. (ref. 1139). Wolfer, A., 1915. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 176- 177. (ref. 1160). Wolfer, A., 1916. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 205- 206. (ref. 1179). Wolfer, A., 1917. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 231- 232. (ref. 1196). Wolfer, A., 1918. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 256- 257. (ref. 1216). Wolfer, A., 1919. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 17- 18. (ref. 1233). Wolfer, A., 1920. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 41- 42. (ref. 1255). Wolfer, A., 1921. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 61- 62. (ref. 1281). Wolfer, A., 1922. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 84- 85. (ref. 1324). Comments: 1. A. W. Quimby of Bryn Mawr. 2. Quimby's observations were numerous but poor. 3. Wolf missed Quimby's 1889 observations. 1941 1944 1298 RAPP, LOCARNO-MONTI Sources: Brunner, W., 1942. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 15, 12-13. Brunner, W., 1943. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 15, 50-51. Brunner, W., 1944. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 15, 76-77. Brunner, W., 1945. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 15, 114-115. Comments: 1. Karl Rapp. 1917 1917 33 REED, KENNEBUNK, MAINE Sources: Wolfer, A., 1918. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 256. (ref. 1215). 1777 1777 3 REGGIO, MILAN Sources: Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 152. (ref. 83) Ephemerides astronomicae ad meridianum Mediolanensem supputatae, 1779. 1797 1797 1 REINCKE, HAMBURG Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 107. (ref. 34 - Bode's Jahrbuch) 1642 1642 13 RHEITA, K., BOHEMIA Sources: Rheita, A., 1645. Oculus Enoch et Eliae. Antuerpiae. Wolf, R., 1880. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 5, 295-296. (ref. 404). Comments: 1. Anton Maria Schyrlaeus Rheita (1597-1660). 1618 1661 491 RICCIOLI, J.B., BONONIA Sources: Wolf, R., 1861. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 158 (ref. 158) Riccioli, J. B., 1651. Almagestrum Novum. Bononiae. Manfredi, E., 1736. De Gnomone Meridiano Bonoiensi ad Divi Petronii. Laeli a Vulpa, Bononiae, 397 pp. Comments: 1. Giambattista Riccioli (1598-1671). 2. 92 observations for 1655-1661 come from Manfredi (1736) and taken as zero spot days based upon comments by other observers. 1880 1892 3709 RICCO, PALERMO Sources: Wolf, R., 1881. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 6, 65-67. (ref. 444). Wolf, R., 1883. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 6, 348-349. (ref. 480). Wolf, R., 1884. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 7, 96-98. (ref. 497). Wolf, R., 1884. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 7, 173-174. (ref. 517). Wolf, R., 1886. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 7, 309-310. (ref. 531). Wolf, R., 1887. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 7, 359-360. (ref. 549). Wolf, R., 1888. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 23-24. (ref. 569). Wolf, R., 1889. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 119-120. (ref. 593). Wolf, R., 1890. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 236-238. (ref. 612). Wolf, R., 1891. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 311-313. (ref. 638). Wolf, R., 1893. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9, 67-68. (ref. 676). Comments: 1. Annibale Ricco (1844-1919). 1672 1673 130 RICHER, CAYENNE Sources: Richer, 1686. Mem. Acad. Sci. Paris, vol. 7. Comments: 1. These observations were missed by Wolf. 2. Jean Richer (1630-1696). 1722 1722 1 ROBIE, T., BOSTON Sources: Wolf, R., 1859. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 299. (ref. 137 - Phil. Trans.) Robie, T. Phil. Trans., 33. Comments: 1. Thomas Robie. 1764 1764 1 ROGALINSKY, P., ST. PETERSBURG Sources: Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 154. (ref. 84) Ephemerides ad Meridianum Vindobonensem, 1765. 1958 1989 7104 ROME OBSERVATORY Sources: National Geophysical Data Center, 1990. Solar Variability Affecting Earth. CDROM, NGDC-05/1. 1703 1704 12 ROMER, O., COPENHAGEN Sources: Romer, Ole, T. Eibe, and K. B. Meyer, 1910. Ole Reomers Adversaria. K'benhavn, B. Lunos bogtrykkeri, 271 pp. (see pp. 32-34). Zinner, E., 1952. Altere Beobachtungen von Sonnenflecken. Naturforschende Gesellschaft Bamberg, 33, 36-37. Comments: 1. Wolf missed these observations in Romer's surviving notebooks. 2. Ole Christensen Roemer (1644-1710). 1770 1770 2 ROSSLER, G., TUBINGEN Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 74. (ref. 26) Rossler, G., 1788. Hanbuch der practisch Astronomie. Tubingen. 1716 1726 299 ROST, J.L., NUREMBERG Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 48. (ref. 13) Rost, J. L., 1726. Astronomisches Handbuch. Nurnberg. Wolf, R., 1860. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 28- 30.(ref. 149) Rost, J. L., 1720. Sammlung von Natur- und Medicin. Breslau. Wolf, R., 1880. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 5, 297. (ref. 407). Rost, J. L., 1727. Der aufrichtige Astronomus. Nurnberg. Comments: 1. Sammlung examined by Heis, not Wolf, so Wolf does not have all his observations. 2. Johann Leonhard Rost. 1874 1976 37472 ROYAL GREENWICH OBSERVATORY Sources: National Geophysical Data Center, 1990. Solar Variability Affecting Earth. CDROM, NGDC-05/1. Royal Greenwich Observatory, 1874-1976. Photoheliographic Results. 102 vols. Comments: 1. These observations are our "standard" observer to which all other results are referenced. 1735 1735 5 RUCKKEHR, HALLE Sources: Wolf, R., 1875. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 4, 392-393. (ref. 325). De l'Isle, M., 1788. Memoires pour servir a l'histore et an progres de l'astronomie, de la geographie et de la physique. Petersbourg. Comments: 1. Also spelled Rucckkehr. 1769 1769 6 RUMOVSKI, S., KOLA Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 46. (ref. 4) Imp. Russicum Institutae, 1770. Collectio omnium Observationum quae occasione Transitus Veneris per Solem A. 1769. jussu. Petrop. 1917 1949 ?? RUMRILL, H.B., PA Sources: Rumrill, H. B., 1949. Some aspects of evolution in sunspot cycles. Popular Astronomy, pp. 378-382. Comments: 1. H. B. Rumrill, Tredyffrin Observatory, Berwyn, PA. 2. Rumrill says he has 32 years of sunspot observations. A few are in the reference above, but are not in our database. 1832 1832 39 RUPRECHT, H., ZIEGENHAIN Sources: Ruprecht, H., 1832. Manuscripts. University Library Archives, Marburg. Zinner, E., 1952. Altere Beobachtungen von Sonnenflecken. Naturforschende Gesellschaft Bamberg, 33, 36-37. Comments: 1. Wolf missed these observations. 1704 1704 1 SALVAGO, M., GENNES Sources: Cassini, G. D., 1705. Hist. et mem. de l'Academie des Sciences. Comments: 1. Cassini mentions that De Clapier, De La Val, Fulchiron, Salvago, and Thyoli also saw the same spot he did on February 10, 1704. 2. These observers may have made other observations we are unaware of, and so are included in our database. 3. Wolf missed these observers. 1952 1965 1274 SAN MIGUEL OBS., ARGENTINA Sources: San Miguel Observatory, 1952-1965. Observatorio de fiscia cosmica. Sunspot Data (monthly). Argentina. Comments: 1. Some years in this time series (namely 1955 to 1963 and 1966 to 1968 inclusive) are missing because we have been unable to locate a complete run of this serial. 1791 1791 1 SANDT, RIGA Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 77. (ref. 34 - Bode's Jahrbuch) Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 78. (ref. 34 - Bode's Jahrbuch) Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 111. (ref. 34 - Bode's Jahrbuch) Comment: 1. Only 1791 observations used; other references too vague. 1872 1874 282 SAWYER, E.F., CAMBRIDGEPORT Sources: Wolf, R., 1888. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 581-582. (ref. 581). Sawyer, E. F., 1888. Observations of sunspots. Astronomical Journal, Vol. 8, No. 172. Comments: 1. Wolf is aware of Edwin F. Sawyer's observations, but does not tabulate them in his journal. 1616 1616 12 SAXONIUS, P., NUREMBERG Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 50. (ref. 18) Saxonii, P., 1616. Maculae solares ex selectis observationibus. Altorfii. Comments: 1. Petrus Saxo. 2. Broadsheet showing spots from Feb 24 to Mar 16 1616. 1628 1628 ?? SCHALLER, J. Sources: Zinner, E., 1952. Altere Beobachtungen von Sonnenflecken. Naturforschende Gesellschaft Bamberg, 33, 36-37. Comments: 1. We have not located these observations. 1902 1910 1057 SCHATKOW, KOLA Sources: Wolfer, A., 1903. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 117. (ref. 878). Wolfer, A., 1904. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 172- 173. (ref. 904). Wolfer, A., 1905. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 202. (ref. 931). Wolfer, A., 1907. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 279. (ref. 983). Wolfer, A., 1908. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 311. (ref. 1007). Wolfer, A., 1909. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 357- 358. (ref. 1035). Wolfer, A., 1910. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 27- 28. (ref. 1062). Wolfer, A., 1911. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 55- 56. (ref. 1085). Comments: 1. F. Schatkow. 1611 1640 882 SCHEINER, C., ROME Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 45. (ref. 2) Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 46. (ref. 6) Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 115. (ref. 44) Scheiner, C., 1614. Disquisitiones Mathematicae de Controversiis et Noviatibus Astonomicis quas sub Praesidio. J. G. Locher, Ingolstadt. Scheiner, C., 1617. Refractiones Coelestes, sive Solis elliptici phaenomenon illustratum. Ingolstadt, 29 pp. Scheiner, C., 1615. Sol Ellipticus. Augustae Vindel. Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 201. (ref. 113) Scheiner, C., 1612. Tres epistolae de maculis solaribus scriptae ad Marcum Welserum. Augustae Vindel. Wolf, R., 1861. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 79-82 (ref. 157) Scheiner, C., 1630. Rosa Ursina. Bracciani. Wolf, R., 1892. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 401-402. (ref. 660). Scheiner, C., 1651. Prodromus pro Sole mobili et Terra stabili, etc. Comments: 1. Rosa Ursina re-examined by Elizabeth Nesme-Ribes to get group counts. 2. Scheiner observed spots daily from 1611 to 1633. The location of these observations is unknown (ref. 660 and Prodromus) 3. Christoph Scheiner (1573-1650). 1706 1721 5 SCHEUCHZER, J.J., ZURICH Sources: Scheuzer, J. J., 1721. Acta Eruditorum. Scheuzer, J. J., 1706. Page of solar figures, read Dec 1706. Royal Society Library, London. Comments: 1. Wolf was unaware of these observations. 1621 1629 4 SCHICKARD, W., TUBINGA Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 119. (ref. 55) Schickardii, W., 1652. Responsi ad Epistolas P. Gassendi de Mercurio sub sole Viso et aliis Novitabilis Uranicis. Tubingae. Zinner, E., 1952. Altere Beobachtungen von Sonnenflecken. Naturforschende Gesellschaft Bamberg, 33, 36-37. Comments: 1. Wilhelm Schickard (1592-1635). 1915 1915 225 SCHMID, ST. GALLEN Sources: Wolfer, A., 1916. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 208- 209. (ref. 1183). Comments: 1. Fraulein Schmid. 1841 1883 6970 SCHMIDT, ATHENS Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 125. (ref. 61) Schmidt, J. Astron. Nachr., Nos. 487, 545, 571, 634. Wolf, R., 1862. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 120. Wolf, R., 1866. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 74-75. Wolf, R., 1869. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 154-155. Wolf, R., 1870. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 205-206.(ref. 250). Schmidt, J., 1869. Astron. Nachr., No. 1745. Wolf, R., 1870. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 238.(ref. 254). Wolf, R., 1871. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 287-302. Wolf, R., 1871. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 307-308. (ref. 264). Wolf, R., 1872. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 407-408. (ref. 277). Wolf, R., 1873. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 4, 115-118. (ref. 293). Wolf, R., 1874. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 4, 270-272. (ref. 316). Wolf, R., 1875. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 4, 399-402. (ref. 331). Wolf, R., 1876. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 4, 423-426. (ref. 340). Wolf, R., 1877. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 5, 53-56. (ref. 347). Wolf, R., 1878. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 5, 191-192. (ref. 368). Wolf, R., 1879. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 5, 258-259. (ref. 390). Wolf, R., 1880. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 5, 302-303. (ref. 413). Wolf, R., 1881. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 6, 55-57. (ref. 434). Wolf, R., 1882. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 6, 165-167. (ref. 457). Wolf, R., 1883. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 6, 342-344. (ref. 475). Wolf, R., 1884. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 7, 90-91. (ref. 498). Schmidt, J. F. J., 1857. Resultate aus elf-jahrigan Beobachtungen der Sonnenflecken. Wein und Olmuz, 38 pp. Comments: 1. Johann Friedrich Julius Schmidt (1825-1884). 2. Wolf apparently was unaware of Schmidt's observations made before 1857 tabulated in Schmidt (1857). 1888 1892 1359 SCHMOLL, PARIS Sources: Wolf, R., 1889. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 112-113. (ref. 586). Wolf, R., 1890. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 229-230. (ref. 605). Wolf, R., 1891. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 298-300. (ref. 626). Wolf, R., 1892. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 385-386. (ref. 645). Wolf, R., 1893. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9, 56-57. (ref. 666). Comments: 1. A. Schmoll 1908 1908 51 SCHONBERG, JURJEW Sources: Wolfer, A., 1909. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 347. (ref. 1020). 1891 1895 1173 SCHREIBER, KALOCSA Sources: Wolf, R., 1892. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 394-395. (ref. 653). Wolf, R., 1893. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9, 66-67. (ref. 675). Wolfer, A., 1894. Wolfer's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,135-136. (ref. 697). Wolfer, A., 1895. Wolfer's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,223-224. (ref. 708). Wolfer, A., 1896. Wolfer's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,247-248. (ref. 724). Comments: 1. Father Joh. Schreiber, assistant at the Haynald Observatory. 1786 1793 11 SCHROTER, J.H., LILIENTHAL Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 77. (ref. 34 - Bode's Jahrbuch) Wolf, R., 1859. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 302. (ref. 137 - Phil. Trans.) Schroter, J. H. Phil. Trans., 84. Wolf, R., 1871. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 287-302. Schroter, J. H., 1789. Beobachtungen uber die Sonnenfackeln und Sonnenflecken. Pamplet. Comments: 1. Johann Hieronymus Schroter (1745-1816). 2. Schroter's 1789 paper gives many individual sunspot drawings, but we have not been able to use it to get disk totals. Wolf apparently was unaware of the 1789 publication. 1754 1758 492 SCHUBERT, J.C., DANZIG Sources: Wolf, R., 1866. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 240-247. Wolf, R., 1866. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 277-279. (ref. 260 - primary source) Schubert, J. K., 1754-1758. Sonnenflecken Buch. Manuscript, Danzig N. G., Gdansk, Poland. Comments: 1. Joh. Karl Schubert. 1804 1804 1 SCHUBERT, F.T., ST. PETERSBUR Sources: Wolf, R., 1890. Sunspot table for 1804. Manuscript. Zurich Observatory, Zurich. Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 109. (ref. 34 - Bode's Jahrbuch) Comments: 1. Schubert, Beitler, and Cassella saw spots at the Feb 11, 1804 eclipse. The location of the reference to Cassella in Wolf's journal could not be located. However, on p. 109 of vol. 1, Wolf says Schubert makes no comments on sunspots. 1687 1689 2 SCHULTZ, D.G., NUREMBERG Sources: Schultz, D. G., 1687, Misc. Curiosa (second series), 3. Schultz, D. G., 1689, Misc. Curiosa (second series), 6. Comments: 1. Wolf was unaware of these observations. 1778 1778 1 SCHULZE, J.K., BERLIN Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 76. (ref. 34 - Bode's Jahrbuch) Wolf, R., 1859. Schwabe's Sonnenfleckenbeobachtungen in den Jahren 1826 bis 1848. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 247-270. 1720 1736 14 SCHUTZ, J.G., BERLIN Sources: Schutz, J. J., 1721. Sonnenflecken Buch. Manuscript Berlin Sternwarte, Berlin. Zinner, E., 1952. Altere Beobachtungen von Sonnenflecken. Naturforschende Gesellschaft Bamberg, 33, 36-37. 1892 1909 3619 SCHWAB, KREMSMUNSTER Sources: Wolf, R., 1893. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9, 63. (ref. 672). Wolfer, A., 1894. Wolfer's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,124-125. (ref. 688). Wolfer, A., 1895. Wolfer's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,217-218. (ref. 704). Wolfer, A., 1896. Wolfer's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,246-247. (ref. 723). Wolfer, A., 1897. Wolfer's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,274-275. (ref. 743). Wolfer, A., 1898. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9, 299- 300. (ref. 760). Wolfer, A., 1899. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9, 327- 328.(ref. 780). Wolfer, A., 1900. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 15- 16. (ref. 803). Wolfer, A., 1901. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 39- 40. (ref. 823). Wolfer, A., 1902. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 67- 68. (ref. 846). Wolfer, A., 1903. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 112- 113. (ref. 870). Wolfer, A., 1904. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 166- 167. (ref. 894). Wolfer, A., 1905. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 194. (ref. 919). Wolfer, A., 1906. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 222- 223. (ref. 940). Wolfer, A., 1907. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 268. (ref. 966). Wolfer, A., 1908. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 300. (ref. 990). Wolfer, A., 1909. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 345- 346. (ref. 1017). Wolfer, A., 1910. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 16- 17. (ref. 1047). Comments: 1. Fr. Schwab 1826 1867 11945 SCHWABE, H., DESSAU Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 115. (ref. 42) Jahn, 1847-1856. Wochentl. Unterhaltungen fur Freunde der Astronomie, Leipzig and Halle. Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 124- 125. (ref. 61) Schwabe, H. Astron. Nachr., Nos. 350, 372, 378, 398, 413, 418, 445, 473, 495, 527, 564, 595, 638, 667, 704, 751, 789, 848, 895, 933, 1001, 1063, 1105, 1124, and 1150. Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 176- 177. (ref. 101) Wolf, R., 1859. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 239. (ref. 122) Wolf, R., 1860. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 2. Wolf, R., 1861. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 69. Wolf, R., 1862. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 120. Wolf, R., 1863. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 134. Wolf, R., 1864. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 164- 165. Wolf, R., 1865. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 194- 195. Wolf, R., 1866. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 74-75. Comment: 1. Notebooks at RAS Library examined by Hoyt to get spot group counts. 2. Samuel Heinrich Schwabe (1789-1875). 1910 1914 654 SCHWARZ, KREMSMUNSTER Sources: Wolfer, A., 1911. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 49- 50. (ref. 1075). Wolfer, A., 1912. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 84. (ref. 1107). Wolfer, A., 1915. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 179- 180. (ref. 1164). Comments: 1. P. Thiemo Schwarz. 1825 1830 364 SCHWARZENBRUNNER, KREMS. Sources: Wolf, R., 1893. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9, 97-106. (ref. 684). Schwarzenbrunner, 1827-1830. Sonnenflecken Buch. Manuscript, Krem. Stern., Kremsmunster. Comments: 1. These observations were acquired by Wolf just before his death and so were never incorporated in his solar activity reconstruction. 1847 1847 1 SCHWEIZER, G., MOSCOW Sources: Schweizer, G., 1847. Astron. Nachr., 27, 211-216. Schweizer, G., 1847. Astron. Nachr., 57, 49-54. Comments: 1. Wolf overlooked this observation. 1871 1877 1530 SECCHI, ROME Sources: Secchi, A., 1859. Richerche fisiche intorno ai corpi celesti. Memoire dell Osservatorio del Collegio Romano., IV, 25-31. Wolf, R., 1865. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 229- 230. (ref. 203). Wolf, R., 1873. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 4, 127-131. (ref. 299). Wolf, R., 1874. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 4, 274-276. (ref. 319). Wolf, R., 1875. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 4, 404-405. (ref. 334). Wolf, R., 1876. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 4, 422-423. (ref. 339). Wolf, R., 1877. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 5, 182-183. (ref. 363). Wolf, R., 1879. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 5, 244-245. (ref. 375). Comments: 1. Father Angelo Secchi (1818-1878). 2. Secchi's observations for 1858-1859 not useful since he reports on only one or two spots per day when other observers report 5 or 6 spots on the same days. These observations are incorporated in our database. 1918 1918 35 SEIDEL, RHEINLAND Sources: Wolfer, A., 1919. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 22. (ref. 1240). Comments: 1. A. Seidel at Saarlouis in Rhineland. 1850 1850 42 SESTINI, GEORGETOWN Sources: Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 181. (ref. 110) Sestini, B., 1853. Observations on solar spots, made at the observatory of george College, Sep. 20 to Nov. 6 1850. Astronomical Observations made at the National Observatory, Washington, D.C., vol. 3, Appendix A, pp. 1-10. Comments: 1. Benedict Sestini. 1703 1703 17 SHARP, A., HORTON Sources: Sharp, A., 1703. Manuscripts in Flamsteed collection, Cambridge University Library, Cambridge, England. Comments: 1. Wolf missed these observations. 2. Manuscripts examined by us. 3. Abraham Sharp (1651-1742). 1739 1739 1 SHAW, ALEXANDRIA Sources: Wolf, R., 1881. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 6, 135. (ref. 447). Shaw, T., 1743. Voyages des plusieurs provinces de la Berberie, etc. (translated from the English) 2 vols., Haye. Comments: 1. Thomas Shaw. 1847 1866 5538 SHEA, C., ENGLAND Sources: Shea, C., 1847-1866. Sunspot Observations. 5 vols. RAS MSS Add. 40, RAS Library, London. Comments: 1. Wolf was unaware of these observations. 2. Drawings reduced by us. 3. Charles Shea. 1949 1950 158 SIMIC, M., BELGRADE Sources: Simic, M., 1949-50. Observations des taches solaires. Bulletin de l'Observaoire Astronomique de l'Universite de Belgrade. Vols. 15-16. Comments: 1. Primary observer at Belgrade was M. Protitch, but M. Simic took over for two years. 1671 1690 5400 SIVERUS, H., HAMBURG Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 46. (ref. 7) Vagetius, A., 1693. De maculis in Sole visis. Wittemberg. Wolf, R., 1859. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 295. (ref. 137 - Phil. Trans.) Siverus, H. Phil. Trans., 6. Siverus, H., 1689. Letter to C. Schroedtor. British Library, London. Comments: 1. The original observations by Siverus are now lost so we do not know on what days he was observing. Spoerer (1889) says his manuscript in Hamburg could no longer be found. 2. Heinrich Siverus (1626-1691). 1890 1891 258 SMITH OBSERVATORY Sources: Bacon, C. A., 1890. Solar observations. The Sidereal Messenger, 9, pp. 137, 182, 230, 278, 417, 467. Bacon, C. A., 1891. Solar observations. The Sidereal Messenger, 10, pp. 36, 103. Comments: 1. Wolf did not examine this journal and missed these observations. 1621 1625 36 SMOGULECZ, D., INGOLSTADT Sources: Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 173. (ref. 95) Smogulecz, D., 1626. Sol illustratus ac propugnatus. Praeside Georgio Schonberger, Friburgi, 125 pp. Comment: 1. Only gives days when spots are on sun, not number of groups. 2. Jan Mikolaj Smogulecz Smogulecki 1833 1833 1 SMYTH, BEDFORD Sources: Smyth, 1833. Memoirs RAS, 8, 225. Comments: 1. Wolf missed this eclipse observation. 1828 1828 ?? SOEMMERING Sources: Wolf, R., 1860. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 21 (ref. 142 - Poggendorf's journal) Soemmering. Ann. der Phys. u. Chemie, 14. Thilo, L., 1828. De tabulis iconographicis quibus maculae solis mensibus anni 1826 sex posterioribus et anni 1827 sex prioribus a viro illustrissimo S. Th. a Soemmering observatae adumbrantur. Francofurti ad Moenum, pp. 11-43. Carrington, R. C., 1860. On Dr. Soemmering's observations of the solar spots in the years 1826, 1827, 1828, and 1829. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 20, 71-77. Comments: 1. Not in database. 2. Soemmering's manuscript last known location is with son Wilhelm in Frankfurt in 1860. 3. Carrington made copies of all Soemmering's disk drawings. Present location of this copy is unknown. 1701-1703 ?? SOHN Sources: Wolf, R., 1860. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 31- 38.(ref. 151 - Histoire de l'Academie royale des Sciences) Sohn. Histoire, 1701, 1702, 1703. Comments: 1. This observer is not in our database. 1907 1908 113 SORMANO, TURIN Sources: Wolfer, A., 1908. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 304- 305. (ref. 995). Wolfer, A., 1909. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 353- 354. (ref. 1029). Comments: 1. Hario Sormano. 1726 1726 1 SOUCIET, E., LYON Sources: Wolf, R., 1866. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 56.(ref. 236). Souciet, E., 1729-1732. Observations mathematiques, astronomiques, geographiques, chronologiques et physiques, tirees des anciens livres chinois. Chez Rollin, Paris, 3 vols. 1977 1994 6557 SPACE ENVIRONMENT LABORATORY Sources: National Geophysical Data Center, 1990. Solar Variability Affecting Earth. CDROM, NGDC-05/1. Space Environment Laboratory, 1989-1994. Personal communications from Chris Balch. 1861 1893 6283 SPOERER, G., ANCLAM Sources: Wolf, R., 1864. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 187. (ref. 187). Spoerer, G., 1862. Letter to Wolf. Wolf, R., 1865. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 227- 229 (ref. 201). Spoerer, G., 1862-1893. Beobachtungen von Sonnenflecken und daraus abgeleite Elemente der Rotation der Sonne. Ancalm. (numerous issues). Wolf, R., 1879. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 5, 250. (ref. 383). Spoerer, G., 1874. Beobachtungen der Sonnenflecken I. Publication der astron. Ges XIII. Spoerer, G., 1876. Beobachtungen der Sonnenflecken II. Publication der astron. Ges XIII. Spoerer, G., 1878. Beobachtungen der Sonnenflecken III. Publications des astro-physic. Observatoriums zu Potsdam, Nr. 1. Spoerer, G., 1874. Gesellschaft Publikationen 13. Sonnenflecken 1861-1867. Comments: 1. Wolf used only 6 of Spoerer's observations. 2. We reduced Spoerer's Potsdam observations to get daily spot group counts. 3. Gustav Friedrich Wilhelm Spoerer (1822-1895). 1696 1702 1103 STANCARIUS, V.F., BONONIA Sources: Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 145 (ref. 64) Stancarii, V. F., 1713. Schedae mathematicae post ejus obitum collectae, ejusdem observationes astronomicae. Bononiae, 102 pp. Stancarius, V. F., Bononiensi Scientiarum et Artum Instituto Atque Academia Commentarii, 1, 265-266. Manfredi, E., 1736. De Gnomone Meridiano Bonoiensi ad Divi Petronii. Laeli a Vulpa, Bononiae, 397 pp. Comment: 1. Stancarius in his 1713 book says no spots were observed from 1697 to 1702. 2. The days upon which Stancarius made solar observations are listed in Manfredi's 1736 book. 3. Vittorio F. Stancarius (1678-1709). 1703 1704 72 STANNYAN, ENGLAND Sources: Wolf, R., 1859. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 295. (ref. 137 - Phil. Trans.) Stannyan, 1704. Observations made on the spots upon the body of the sun in the months of May, June, and July, 1704. Phil. Trans., 24, 1756. 1813 1835 1048 STARK, AUGSBURG, ZERO DAYS Sources: Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 159- 170. Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 176- 177. (ref. 100) Stark, J. M., 1813-1837. Meteorologisches Jahrbuch. Augsburg. Comments: 1. Days without sunspots are relaible observations. 2. Reconstruction in database of days with sunspots is less reliable and should not be used in solar activity reconstructions. 1813 1836 2569 STARK, J.M., AUGSBURG Sources: Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 159- 170. Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 176- 177. (ref. 100) Stark, J. M., 1813-1837. Meteorologisches Jahrbuch. Augsburg. Comments: 1. Days without sunspots are relaible observations. 2. Reconstruction in database of days with sunspots is less reliable and should not be used in solar activity reconstructions. 1749 1799 1142 STAUDACHER, J.C., NUREMBERG Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 56- 61. Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 144. (ref. 61) Wolf, R. Astron. Nachr., No. 1091. Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 179. (ref. 104) Wolf, R., 1866. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 240-247. Wolf, R., 1871. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 287-302. Wolf, R., 1887. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 7, 357-358. (ref. 547 - Letter from Spoerer). 1909 1913 260 STEFKO, LEYSIN Sources: Wolfer, A., 1910. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 21- 22. (ref. 1055). Wolfer, A., 1911. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 52. (ref. 1079). Wolfer, A., 1912. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 76- 77. (ref. 1099). Wolfer, A., 1913. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 109. (ref. 1125). Wolfer, A., 1914. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 131. (ref. 1142). Comments: 1. W. Stefko. 2. From 1911 to 1913 Stefko made 101 observations in Moscow. 1903 1904 2760 STEMPELL, HANNOVER Sources: Wolfer, A., 1904. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 170- 171. (ref. 900). Wolfer, A., 1905. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 197- 198. (ref. 923). Wolfer, A., 1906. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 230- 231. (ref. 953). Wolfer, A., 1907. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 274-275. (ref. 975). Wolfer, A., 1908. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 310. (ref. 1005). Wolfer, A., 1909. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 355- 356. (ref. 1032). Wolfer, A., 1912. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 77. (ref. 1100). Wolfer, A., 1913. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 107- 108. (ref. 1122). Wolfer, A., 1914. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 132. (ref. 1145). Wolfer, A., 1915. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 178. (ref. 1162). Wolfer, A., 1916. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 207. (ref. 1181). Wolfer, A., 1917. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 234. (ref. 1198). Wolfer, A., 1918. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 258. (ref. 1218). Wolfer, A., 1919. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 18- 19. (ref. 1234). Wolfer, A., 1910. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 20. (ref. 1051). Wolfer, A., 1911. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 49. (ref. 1074). Wolfer, A., 1920. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 45. (ref. 1258). Wolfer, A., 1921. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 62- 63. (ref. 1282). Wolfer, A., 1922. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 85- 86. (ref. 1325). Wolfer, A., 1923. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 105- 106. (ref. 1361). Wolfer, A., 1924. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 124. (ref. 1403). Wolfer, A., 1925. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 146- 147. (ref. 1443). Wolfer, A., 1926. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 167. (ref. 1491). Comments: 1. G. von Stempell. 2. At Hannover, 1903-1904 (362 observations). 3. At Berlin, 1905 (62 observations). 4. At Potsdam, 1906-1908 (258 observations). 5. At Charlottenburg, 1909-1910 and 1919-1925 (1282 observations). 6. At Spandau, 1911-1918 (796 observations). 1671 1671 11 STETINI, LEIPZIG Sources: Hevelius, J., 1673. Machina Coelestis. Gdansk. Comments: 1. Stetini means "citizen". 2. Observations missed by Wolf. They are mentioned in Machina Coelestis, vol. 2. 1886 1935 4522 STONYHURST COLLEGE OBS. Sources: Stonyhurst College Observatory, 1886-1935. Results of geophysical and solar obsrvations. England. Comments: 1. Daily sunspot group counts derived from tabulations list under "Sunspot Statistics". giving Stonyhurst group number and sunspot positions. 2. These observations were not used by Zurich. 1781 1799 15 STRNADT, PRAGUE Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 77. (ref. 34 - Bode's Jahrbuch) Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 154. (ref. 84) Ephemerides ad Meridianum Vindobonensem, 1788. Ephemerides ad Meridianum Vindobonensem, 1799. Ephemerides ad Meridianum Vindobonensem, 1801. Wolf, R., 1871. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 287-302. 1821 1821 1 STRUVE, F.G.W., DORPAT Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 111. (ref. 34 - Bode's Jahrbuch) Comments: 1. Friedrich Georg Wilhelm Struve (1793-1864). 1901 1902 179 STRUVE, CHARKOW Sources: Wolfer, A., 1903. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 117- 118. (ref. 879). 1707 1707 2 STURM, L.C., BERLIN Sources: Sturm, L. C., 1707. Sonnenflecken Buch, v. 2, no. 4. Manuscript at Akademie fur Wissenschaften zu Berlin. Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 50. (ref. 20). Sturm, J. C., 1684. Scientia Cosmica. Norimbergae. Sturm, L. C., 1707. Sonnenflecken Buch. manuscript, Berlin Ak., V, 2, nr. 4. Zinner, E., 1952. Altere Beobachtungen von Sonnenflecken. Naturforschende Gesellschaft Bamberg, 33, 36-37. Comments: 1. Wolf had no useful observations from Sturm. 2. J. C. Sturm and L. C. Sturm are two different people. 1900 1908 1017 SUBBOTIN, ST. PETERSBURG Comments: Wolfer, A., 1901. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 49. (ref. 837). Wolfer, A., 1903. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 118- 119. (ref. 881). Wolfer, A., 1904. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 173. (ref. 905). Wolfer, A., 1905. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 202- 203. (ref. 932). Wolfer, A., 1906. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 232. (ref. 955). Wolfer, A., 1907. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 279-280. (ref. 984). Wolfer, A., 1908. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 312. (ref. 1008). Wolfer, A., 1909. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 356. (ref. 1033). Comments: 1. Nina von Subbotin at St. Petersburg and at Sobolki. 1894 1910 2038 SYKORA, CHARKOW Sources: Wolfer, A., 1895. Wolfer's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,229. (ref. 714). Wolfer, A., 1896. Wolfer's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,256. (ref. 734). Wolfer, A., 1897. Wolfer's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,280-281. (ref. 751). Wolfer, A., 1898. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9, 306- 307. (ref. 767). Wolfer, A., 1899. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9, 334- 335. (ref. 789). Wolfer, A., 1899. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9, 335. (ref. 790). Wolfer, A., 1900. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 23. (ref. 814). Wolfer, A., 1901. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 47. (ref. 834). Wolfer, A., 1901. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 48. (ref. 835). Wolfer, A., 1902. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 74- 75. (ref. 857). Wolfer, A., 1903. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 116. (ref. 876). Wolfer, A., 1904. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 172. (ref. 903). Wolfer, A., 1905. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 201- 202. (ref. 930). Wolfer, A., 1906. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 230. (ref. 952). Wolfer, A., 1906. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 233- 234. (ref. 957). Wolfer, A., 1908. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 309. (ref. 1003). Wolfer, A., 1907. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 278-279. (ref. 982). Wolfer, A., 1908. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 311. (ref. 1006). Wolfer, A., 1909. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 358. (ref. 1036). Wolfer, A., 1910. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 27. (ref. 1061). Wolfer, A., 1911. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 56. (ref. 1084). Comments: 1. J. Sykora. 2. From 1906 to 1910 Sykora made 682 observations in Taschkent. 1871 1900 7584 TACCHINI, ROME Sources: Wolf, R., 1872. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 4, 118-119. (ref. 294). Wolf, R., 1873. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 409-410. (ref. 279). Wolf, R., 1874. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 4, 273-274. (ref. 318). Wolf, R., 1875. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 4, 397-398. (ref. 329). Wolf, R., 1876. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 4, 421-422. (ref. 338). Wolf, R., 1877. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 5, 95-96. (ref. 362). Wolf, R., 1878. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 5, 199-200. (ref. 373). Wolf, R., 1879. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 5, 263-264. (ref. 395). Wolf, R., 1880. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 5, 312-313. (ref. 423). Wolf, R., 1881. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 6, 67-68. (ref. 442). Wolf, R., 1882. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 6, 172-175. (ref. 465). Wolf, R., 1883. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 6, 354-355. (ref. 484). Wolf, R., 1884. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 7, 153-155. (ref. 502). Wolf, R., 1884. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 7, 171-172. (ref. 516). Wolf, R., 1887. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 7, 331-332. (ref. 537). Wolf, R., 1887. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 7, 362-364. (ref. 552). Wolf, R., 1888. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 29-30. (ref. 574). Wolf, R., 1889. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 123-124. (ref. 597). Wolf, R., 1890. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 243-244. (ref. 616). Wolf, R., 1891. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 307-309. (ref. 635). Wolf, R., 1892. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 395-396. (ref. 654). Wolf, R., 1893. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9, 70-71. (ref. 678). Wolfer, A., 1894. Wolfer's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,133-134. (ref. 695). Wolfer, A., 1895. Wolfer's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,225-227. (ref. 711). Wolfer, A., 1896. Wolfer's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,254-255. (ref. 732). Wolfer, A., 1897. Wolfer's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,279-280. (ref. 749). Wolfer, A., 1898. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9, 304- 305. (ref. 765). Wolfer, A., 1899. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9, 328- 329.(ref. 781). Wolfer, A., 1900. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 19- 20. (ref. 807). Wolfer, A., 1901. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 46- 47. (ref. 833). Comments: 1. In 1880, P. Tacchini and G. Millosevich are joint observers. 2. In 1876 Tacchini and G. De Lisa are joint observers. 3. Pietro Tacchini (1838-1905). 4. Some of Tacchini's observations were made at Palermo between 1872 and 1881. 1964 1993 5765 TAIPEI Sources: Taipei Observatory, 1964-1993. Report on Sunspot Observations. Taipei Observatory, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. Comments: 1. Reports are published annually. 1615 1617 69 TARDE, J., FARLAT Sources: Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 204. (ref. 116) Tarde, J., 1627. Les astres de Borbon, et apologie pour le soleil. Paris. Comments: 1. Jean Tarde (1561-1636). 2. These observations are poor. 3. These observations were reduced by Elizabeth Nesme- Ribes. 1917 1917 181 TASS, OGYALLA Sources: Wolfer, A., 1918. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 259- 260. (ref. 1220). Comments: 1. A. Tass. 1905 1937 ?? TESLYA, S., KRASNOIARSK Sources: Teslya, S., 1936. Observations des taches solaires de 1905 a 1935. Gazette Astronomique, 23, 58-59. Teslya, S., 1937. Observations des taches solaires en 1936. Gazette Astronomique, 24, 24-25. Teslya, S., 1938. Observations des taches solaires en 1937. Gazette Astronomique, 25, 56-57. Comments: 1. These observations are yearly and monthly summaries. 2. The observations were made in Siberia. 1816 1836 858 TEVEL, C., MIDDELBURG Sources: Wolf, R., 1859. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 233- 238. (ref. 121) Tevel, C., 1816-1836. Manuscripts. Utrecht. Comments: 1. Manuscript in the library of the science academy in Amsterdam. 1704 1704 1 THYOLI, LYON Sources: Cassini, G. D., 1705. Hist. et mem. de l'Academie des Sciences. Comments: 1. Cassini mentions that De Clapier, De La Val, Fulchiron, Salvago, and Thyoli also saw the same spot he did on February 10, 1704. 2. These observers may have made other observations we are unaware of, and so are included in our database. 3. Wolf missed these observers. 1896 1900 154 TILLSON, L.O., BOSTON U., MA Sources: Wolfer, A., 1898. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,308. (ref. 770). Tillson, L. O. and T. J. H. Mansfield, 1898. Observations of sunspots. Astronomical Journal, No. 399, 118. Wolfer, A., 1899. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9, 331. (ref. 783). Tillson, L. O. and T. J. H. Mansfield, 1898. Observations of sunspots. Astronomical Journal, No. 438, 47. Comments: 1. See Boston University for later observations. 1787 1787 1 TOALDO, J., PATVINA Sources: Toaldo, J., 1794. Solar eclipse observation of June 15 1787. Saggi Scientifici e letterarj deii academia de Padova, 3, 229-252. Comments: 1. Eclipse observation. 2. Giuseppe Toaldo (1719-1797). 3. This observation overlooked by Wolf. 1852 1854 15 TOMASCHEK, WIEN Sources: Wolf, R., 1869. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 28-29.(ref. 228). 1706 1706 1 TORRE, F., ARLES Sources: Torre, F., 1707. Solar eclipse observation of May 12, 1706. Nuova Raccolta, 26. Comments: 1. Wolf did not examine the journal Nuova Raccolta so he missed this eclipse observation. 1721 1721 1 TRAUTMANN, G., LOBAU Sources: Schutz, J. J., 1721. Sonnenflecken Buch. Manuscript Berlin Sternwarte, Berlin. Zinner, E., 1952. Altere Beobachtungen von Sonnenflecken. Naturforschende Gesellschaft Bamberg, 33, 36-37. Comments: 1. This reference needs to be re-checked. 2. Wolf appears to have missed this observer who is not mentioned in his notes for that year. 1788 1788 1 TREISNECKER, F.V.P., WIEN Sources: Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 154. (ref. 84) Ephemerides ad Meridianum Vindobonensem, 1789. 1918 1928 ?? TSHERNOV, V., DNEPROSTROJ Sources: Tshernov, V., 1938. Sur la formation et la disparition des groups de taches sur l'hemisphere visible du Soleil. Gazette Astronomique, 24, 59-60. Comments: 1. Yearly summaries of observations given so they are not in the database. 2. Observations were made in the Ukraine. 1948 1956 3211 U.S. NAVAL OBSERVATORY Sources: U.S. Naval Observatory, 1948-1956. U. S. Naval Observatory Circulars. Annual Summaries. 1695 1696 41 UCCELLI, I., BONONIA Sources: Manfredi, E., 1736. De Gnomone Meridiano Bonoiensi ad Divi Petronii. Laeli a Vulpa, Bononiae, 397 pp. Comments: 1. These 41 observations are taken to be zero spot days, based upon comments by comtempoary observers. 1748 1778 2 ULLOA, A., MADRID Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 76. (ref. 34 - Bode's Jahrbuch) Wolf, R., 1859. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 301. (ref. 137 - Phil. Trans.) Ulloa, A. Phil. Trans., 46. Wolf, R., 1859. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 302. (ref. 137 - Phil. Trans.) Ulloa, A. Phil. Trans., 69 Wolf, R., 1872. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 402. (ref. 272 - Histoire et memoires de l'Academie des Sciences de Berlin). 1648 1648 113 UNKNOWN/KRAFT,1745 Sources: Kraft, G. W., 1745. Dissertationes duae de atmosphera Solis. Tubingae. Comments: 1. Observer reported by Kraft that we cannot identify as yet. 2. Observer might be Gassendi. 1713 1713 5 UNKNOWN/LALANDE Sources: Lalande, 1776. Memoire sur les taches du soleil et sur la rotation. Histoire de l'Academie royale des Sciences. Paris. Comments: 1. Observer is presently unidentified. 1652 1654 275 UNKNOWN1/MAUNDER/JBAA Sources: Maunder, E. W., 1922. The prolonged sunspot minimum, 1645-1715. J. Brit. Astron. Assoc., 51, 140. Comments: 1. This is an observer that Maunder mentions, but we have as yet not been able to identify. 2. Observer might be Bosii (1655). 1655 1655 13 UNKNOWN2/MAUNDER/JBAA Sources: Maunder, E. W., 1922. The prolonged sunspot minimum, 1645-1715. J. Brit. Astron. Assoc., 51, 140. Comments: 1. This is an observer that Maunder mentions, but we have as yet not been able to identify. 1709 1709 182 UNKNOWN3/MAUNDER/JBAA Sources: Maunder, E. W., 1922. The prolonged sunspot minimum, 1645-1715. J. Brit. Astron. Assoc., 51, 140. Comments: 1. This is an observer that Maunder mentions, but we have as yet not been able to identify. 1941 1956 3841 VALENCIA OBS., VALENCIA Sources: Valencia Observatory, 1941-1956. Boletin Astronomico del Observatario de Madrid. 1695 1695 ?? VAGETIUS Sources: Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 46 (ref. 7) Wolf, R., 1860. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 21 (ref. 141) Vagetius, A., 1697. De maculis in Sole visis. Gissae. Vagetius, A., 1693. Disp. de maculis in sole visis. Verdun or Gissae. Comment: 1. Not in database. 2. A. Vagetius (1670-1700). 1820 1820 1 VAN SWINDEN, AMSTERDAM Sources: Van Swinden, 1820. Eclipse observation. Memoirs RAS, 1, 146. Comments: 1. Wolf missed this single observation, stating no spots on the disk. 1681 1681 60 VARIN, M.M., CAPE VERDE VOYAG Sources: Varin, M. M., 1686. Mem. Acad. Sci. Paris, vol. 7. Comments: 1. Wolf was unaware of these observations. 1886 1886 162 VOGEL, POTSDAM Sources: Wolf, R., 1887. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 7, 365. (ref. 554). 1825 1826 183 VON BOTH, G., BRESLAU Sources: Wolf, R., 1873. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 4, 106-107. (ref. 285). Von Both, G., 1825-1826. Beobachtete Sonnenflacken 1825 und 1826. Manuscript. Breslau. Comments: 1. Manuscript also examined by us. 1847 1855 ?? VON JAHN, LEIPZIG Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 115. (ref. 42) Jahn, 1850. Sonnenflecken Beobachtungen. Wochentl. Unterhaltungen fur Freunde der Astronomie, 310-311. Jahn, 1850. Sonnenflecken Beobachtungen. Wochentl. Unterhaltungen fur Freunde der Astronomie, 326-327. Jahn, 1850. Sonnenflecken Beobachtungen. Wochentl. Unterhaltungen fur Freunde der Astronomie, 347. Jahn, 1850. Sonnenflecken Beobachtungen. Wochentl. Unterhaltungen fur Freunde der Astronomie, 390. Jahn, 1852. Sonnenflecken Beobachtungen. Wochentl. Unterhaltungen fur Freunde der Astronomie, 238-239. Jahn, 1852. Sonnenflecken Beobachtungen. Wochentl. Unterhaltungen fur Freunde der Astronomie, 377. Comments: 1. Observations are given in narrative style and are somewhat ambiguous. Since many other observations exist for this time period, only a few of these observations are in our database. 2. Starting in July 1852, Jahn gives only monthly summaries. 1918 1918 198 VOSS, ALTONA Sources: Wolfer, A., 1919. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 21- 22. (ref. 1238). Comments: 1. W. Voss in Altona (Elbe). 1718 1718 1 WAGNER, J.W., BERLIN Sources: Wagner, J. W., 1718. Acta Eruditorum, pp. 466-471. Comments: 1. Wolf did not examine Acta Eruditorum, so missed this observation by Wagner. 1942 1944 308 WALDMEIER, AROSA Sources: Brunner, W., 1943. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 15, 48. Brunner, W., 1944. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 15, 76. Brunner, W., 1945. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 15, 114. Comments: 1. Max Waldmeier (mostly of Zurich). 1936 1947 1615 WALDMEIER, ZURICH Sources: Brunner, W., 1937. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 14, 202-203. Brunner, W., 1938. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 14, 291-292. Brunner, W., 1939. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 14, 387-388. Waldmeier, M., 1947. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 16, 5. Comments: 1. Max Waldmeier. 2. Uses Wolf/Wolfer telescope 1936-1938 and 1945-1947. 3. No observations recorded in Astron. Mitth. for 1939- 1941. 1863 1864 41 WALDNER, ZURICH Sources: Wolf, R., 1867. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 98.(ref. 242). Waldner, H., 1863-1864. Manuscript. Zurich. 1727 1727 16 WALTHER, J.M., WITTENBERG Sources: Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 46 (ref. 7) Walther, J. M., 1729. De coloribus macularum solarium. Vitemberg. Walther, J. M., 1729. Dissertatio prima de historia macularum solarium. Literis Hakianis, Vittenburg, 16 pp. Comments: 1. Johann Michael Walther. 2. Listed as Walter by Wolf. 1764 1766 3 WARSCHAUER Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 75- 76. (ref. 34 - Bode's Jahrbuch) 1905 1912 455 WASNETZOFF, MOSCOW Sources: Wolfer, A., 1906. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 230. (ref. 951). Wolfer, A., 1907. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 276. (ref. 978). Wolfer, A., 1908. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 309. (ref. 1002). Wolfer, A., 1909. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 352. (ref. 1027). Wolfer, A., 1910. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 21. (ref. 1054). Wolfer, A., 1911. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 52. (ref. 1078). Wolfer, A., 1912. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 76. (ref. 1098). Wolfer, A., 1913. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 109. (ref. 1126). Comments: 1. M. Wasnetzow. 1730 1730 2 WASSE, J., NORTHAMPTONSHIRE Sources: Wasse, J., 1730. Of the sunspot of 23 Sept. 1730 at Northamptonshire. Manuscript. Royal Society Library, London. Comments: 1. Wolf missed these observations. 2. James Wasse. 1816 1818 83 WATTS, CAPE DIAMOND, QUEBEC Sources: Watts, 1829. Transactions of the Literary and Historical Society of Quebec, 1. Comments: 1. Wolf missed these 83 solar disk drawings. 1859 1883 6983 WEBER, PECKELOH Sources: Weber, H., 1860. Sonnenfleckenbeobachtungen. Wochentl. Fur Astronomie, Meteorologie und Geographie, 91-92. Weber, H., 1860. Sonnenfleckenbeobachtungen im Peckoloh bei Versmold. Wochentl. fur Astronomie, Meteorologie und Geographie, 159-160. Weber, H., 1860. Sonnenfleckenbeobachtungen im Peckoloh bei Versmold. Wochentl. fur Astronomie, Meteorologie und Geographie, 169-170. Weber, H., 1860. Sonnenfleckenbeobachtungen im Peckoloh bei Weber. Wochentl. fur Astronomie, Meteorologie und Geographie, 312. Weber, H., 1860. Sonnenfleckenbeobachtungen im Peckoloh bei Weber. Wochentl. fur Astronomie, Meteorologie und Geographie, 403. Weber, H., 1861. Sonnenfleckenbeobachtungen im Peckoloh bei Weber. Wochentl. fur Astronomie, Meteorologie und Geographie, 55. Weber, H., 1861. Sonnenfleckenbeobachtungen. Wochentl. fur Astronomie, Meteorologie und Geographie, 169-172. Weber, H., 1861. Sonnenfleckenbeobachtungen im Peckoloh. Wochentl. fur Astronomie, Meteorologie und Geographie, 285-288. Weber, H., 1861. Sonnenfleckenbeobachtungen. Wochentl. fur Astronomie, Meteorologie und Geographie, 363. Weber, H., 1862. Sonnenfleckenbeobachtungen. Wochentl. fur Astronomie, Meteorologie und Geographie, 46-48. Weber, H., 1862. Sonnenfleckenbeobachtungen. Wochentl. fur Astronomie, Meteorologie und Geographie, 191-192. Weber, H., 1862. Sonnenfleckenbeobachtungen. Wochentl. fur Astronomie, Meteorologie und Geographie, 289-290. Weber, H., 1862. Sonnenfleckenbeobachtungen. Wochentl. fur Astronomie, Meteorologie und Geographie, 412-414. Weber, H., 1863. Sonnenfleckenbeobachtungen. Wochentl. fur Astronomie, Meteorologie und Geographie, 116-117. Weber, H., 1863. Sonnenfleckenbeobachtungen. Wochentl. fur Astronomie, Meteorologie und Geographie, 282-284. Weber, H., 1863. Sonnenfleckenbeobachtungen. Wochentl. fur Astronomie, Meteorologie und Geographie, 300-302. Weber, H., 1863. Sonnenfleckenbeobachtungen. Wochentl. fur Astronomie, Meteorologie und Geographie, 393-397. Weber, H., 1864. Sonnenfleckenbeobachtungen. Wochentl. fur Astronomie, Meteorologie und Geographie, 49-50. Weber, H., 1864. Sonnenfleckenbeobachtungen. Wochentl. fur Astronomie, Meteorologie und Geographie, 139. Weber, H., 1864. Sonnenfleckenbeobachtungen. Wochentl. fur Astronomie, Meteorologie und Geographie, 236. Weber, H., 1864. Sonnenfleckenbeobachtungen. Wochentl. fur Astronomie, Meteorologie und Geographie, 379. Weber, H., 1865. Sonnenfleckenbeobachtungen. Wochentl. fur Astronomie, Meteorologie und Geographie, 38-39. Weber, H., 1865. Sonnenfleckenbeobachtungen. Wochentl. fur Astronomie, Meteorologie und Geographie, 143-144. Weber, H., 1866. Sonnenfleckenbeobachtungen. Wochentl. fur Astronomie, Meteorologie und Geographie, 1-2. Weber, H., 1866. Sonnenfleckenbeobachtungen. Wochentl. fur Astronomie, Meteorologie und Geographie, 36-38. Weber, H., 1866. Sonnenfleckenbeobachtungen. Wochentl. fur Astronomie, Meteorologie und Geographie, 131. Weber, H., 1866. Sonnenfleckenbeobachtungen. Wochentl. fur Astronomie, Meteorologie und Geographie, 365-366. Weber, H., 1866. Sonnenfleckenbeobachtungen. Wochentl. fur Astronomie, Meteorologie und Geographie, 340-342. Weber, H., 1867. Sonnenfleckenbeobachtungen. Wochentl. fur Astronomie, Meteorologie und Geographie, 67. Weber, H., 1867. Sonnenfleckenbeobachtungen. Wochentl. fur Astronomie, Meteorologie und Geographie, 155. Weber, H., 1867. Sonnenfleckenbeobachtungen. Wochentl. fur Astronomie, Meteorologie und Geographie, 281-282. Weber, H., 1867. Sonnenfleckenbeobachtungen. Wochentl. fur Astronomie, Meteorologie und Geographie, 337-338. Weber, H., 1868. Sonnenfleckenbeobachtungen. Wochentl. fur Astronomie, Meteorologie und Geographie, 36-38. Weber, H., 1868. Sonnenfleckenbeobachtungen. Wochentl. fur Astronomie, Meteorologie und Geographie, 133-134. Weber, H., 1869. Sonnenfleckenbeobachtungen. Wochentl. fur Astronomie, Meteorologie und Geographie, 45-46. Weber, H., 1869. Sonnenfleckenbeobachtungen. Wochentl. fur Astronomie, Meteorologie und Geographie, 217-218. Weber, H., 1869. Sonnenfleckenbeobachtungen. Wochentl. fur Astronomie, Meteorologie und Geographie, 297-298. Weber, H., 1869. Sonnenfleckenbeobachtungen. Wochentl. fur Astronomie, Meteorologie und Geographie, 368-369. Wolf, R., 1860. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 2. Wolf, R., 1864. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 164- 165. Wolf, R., 1865. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 194- 195. Wolf, R., 1866. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 74-75. Wolf, R., 1869. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 154-155. Wolf, R., 1870. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 208-209. Wolf, R., 1870. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 233-234. (ref. 251). Wolf, R., 1871. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 287-302. Wolf, R., 1872. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 305-307. (ref. 263). Wolf, R., 1873. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 4, 113-114. (ref. 291). Wolf, R., 1877. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 5, 52-53. (ref. 346). Wolf, R., 1878. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 5, 197-199. (ref. 372). Wolf, R., 1879. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 5, 254-255. (ref. 387). Wolf, R., 1880. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 5, 308-309. (ref. 419). Wolf, R., 1881. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 6, 53-54. (ref. 432). Wolf, R., 1882. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 6, 175-176. (ref. 466). Wolf, R., 1884. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 7, 81-83. (ref. 486). Comments: 1. Heinrich Weber. 1918 1918 28 WEGNER, DANZIG Sources: Wolfer, A., 1919. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 23. (ref. 1241). Comments: 1. Rudolf Wegner. 1666 1667 730 WEICKMANN, C., GERMANY Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 45. (ref. 3) Frick, J., 1681. Philosphisches und Theologisches Bedenken von den Comenten. Ulm. Comments: 1. Christop Weickmann reports no sunspots were visible for these two years, but we do not know what days he was observing. 1720 1739 32 WEIDLER, J.F., WITTENBERG Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 47. (ref. 8) Walter, J. M., 1729. De coloribus macularum solarium. Praes. J. Fr. Weidlero, Vitemberg. Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 174. (ref. 97) Weidler, J. F., 1729. Observationes meteorologicae atque astronomicae, ann. 1728 et 1729. Vitembergae. Wolf, R., 1859. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 300. (ref. 137 - Phil. Trans.) Weidler, J. F., 1739. Phil. Trans., 40, 41. Weidler, J. F., 1709. Acta Eruditorum, pp. 274-277. Comments: 1. Wolf missed the observations reported in Acta Eruditorum. 1662 1664 1096 WEIGEL, E., JENA Sources: Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 200. (ref. 112) Weigel, E., 1665. Fortsetzung des Himmels-Speigel. Jena, 127 pp. Spoerer, G., 1889. Uber die Periodicitat der Sonnenflecken seit dem jahre 1618. Nova Acta de Ksl. Leop.-Carol. Deutschen Akademie der naturforscher, 53, 3-44. Comments: 1. Weigel reports no sunspots for these years, but the record of which days he was observing seem to no longer exist. 3 pages of material by Weigel exist at Gottingen and his book is located at Harvard. 2. Erhard Weigel (1625-1699). 1708 1709 255 WIEDENBURG, J.B., HELMSTADT Sources: Wolf, R., 1861. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 96-97 (ref. 161). Wiedenburg, J. B., 1709. Dissertatio mathematica de maculis solaribus praecipue de iis quae A. 1708 et 1709 apparuerunt. Helmstadii. Wiedenburg, J. B., 1708. Histoire, p. 108. Wiedenburg, J. B., 1709. Histoire, p. 88. Spoerer, G., 1889. Uber die Periodicitat der Sonnenflecken seit dem jahre 1618. Nova Acta de Ksl. Leop.-Carol. Deutschen Akademie der naturforscher, 53, 3-44. Comments: 1. Also spelled Wideburg. 2. Johann Bernhard Wiedenburg (1687-1766). 1780 1780 1 WILLIAMS, S., PENOBSCOT BAY Sources: Williams, S., 1783. Mem, Am. Ph. Soc., 1, 86-96. Comments: 1. Wolf did not examine this journal and missed this observation made in Penobscot Bay, Maine. 1849 1859 ?? WILLIAMSON, CHEETHAM HILL Sources: Baxendall, J., 1862. On certain phenomena of solar spots. Manchester Litt. Phil. Mag., 2, 8. Comments: 1. Baxendall, in his 1862 publication (vol. 2, p. 8), mentions sunspot drawings by Williamson of Cheetham Hill for 1849, 1851, and 1859. We have not located these observations. 1666 1666 1 WILLOUGHBY, F., ENGLAND Sources: Willoughby, F., 1666. Solar eclipse of June 22, 1666. Manuscript. Royal Society Library, London. 1888 1888 52 WILSING, POTSDAM Sources: Wolf, R., 1888. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 69-70. (ref. 582). Wolf, R., 1889. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 127. (ref. 600). 1882 1910 6161 WINKLER, JENA Sources: Wolf, R., 1883. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 6, 353-354. (ref. 483). Wolf, R., 1884. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 7, 88-89. (ref. 491). Wolf, R., 1884. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 7, 162-163. (ref. 509). Wolf, R., 1886. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 7, 303-304. (ref. 525). Wolf, R., 1887. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 7, 352-353. (ref. 542). Wolf, R., 1888. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 19-20. (ref. 566). Wolf, R., 1889. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 113-114. (ref. 584). Wolf, R., 1890. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 230-231. (ref. 606). Wolf, R., 1891. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 300-301. (ref. 627). Wolf, R., 1892. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 387-388. (ref. 647). Wolf, R., 1893. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9, 58-59. (ref. 667). Wolfer, A., 1894. Wolfer's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,122-123. (ref. 687). Wolfer, A., 1895. Wolfer's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,218-221. (ref. 706). Wolfer, A., 1896. Wolfer's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,248-249. (ref. 725). Wolfer, A., 1897. Wolfer's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,273-274. (ref. 742). Wolfer, A., 1898. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,298- 299. (ref. 759). Wolfer, A., 1899. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,326- 327.(ref. 779). Wolfer, A., 1900. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 14- 15. (ref. 802). Wolfer, A., 1901. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 39. (ref. 822). Wolfer, A., 1902. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 66- 67. (ref. 845). Wolfer, A., 1903. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 110- 111. (ref. 868). Wolfer, A., 1904. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 164- 165. (ref. 892). Wolfer, A., 1905. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 191- 192. (ref. 916). Wolfer, A., 1906. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 223- 224. (ref. 941). Wolfer, A., 1907. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 267. (ref. 965). Wolfer, A., 1908. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 301. (ref. 991). Wolfer, A., 1909. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 346. (ref. 1018). Wolfer, A., 1910. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 14- 15. (ref. 1044). Wolfer, A., 1911. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 47- 48. (ref. 1072). Comments: 1. W. Winkler 2. Winkler's observations from 1882 to 1887 were made at Leipzig (1150 observations). 1739 1742 6 WINTHROP, J., CAMBRIDGE, MA Sources: Wolf, R., 1872. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 401. (ref. 269). The American Journal of Science, 1841. 40. Winthrop's Diaries, 1739-1779. Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. Comments: 1. Winthrop's observations are at Harvard. 2. Wolf missed six observations in Winthrop's diary. 1898 1919 2881 WOINOFF, MOSCOW Sources: Wolfer, A., 1899. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9, 335- 336. (ref. 791). Wolfer, A., 1900. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 22- 23. (ref. 812). Wolfer, A., 1901. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 45- 46. (ref. 831). Wolfer, A., 1902. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 73- 74. (ref. 854). Wolfer, A., 1903. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 113- 114. (ref. 872). Wolfer, A., 1904. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 167- 168. (ref. 896). Wolfer, A., 1905. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 198. (ref. 924). Wolfer, A., 1906. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 229. (ref. 948). Wolfer, A., 1907. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 275. (ref. 976). Wolfer, A., 1908. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 308. (ref. 1000). Wolfer, A., 1909. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 351- 352. (ref. 1025). Wolfer, A., 1910. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 20- 21. (ref. 1052). Wolfer, A., 1911. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 51- 52. (ref. 1077). Wolfer, A., 1912. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 76. (ref. 1097). Wolfer, A., 1913. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 108- 109. (ref. 1124). Wolfer, A., 1914. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 130- 131. (ref. 1141). Wolfer, A., 1915. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 183. (ref. 1169). Wolfer, A., 1916. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 207- 208. (ref. 1182). Wolfer, A., 1917. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 235- 236. (ref. 1202). Wolfer, A., 1918. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 264- 265. (ref. 1225). Wolfer, A., 1919. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 26- 27. (ref. 1246). Wolfer, A., 1920. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 46- 47. (ref. 1260). Comments: 1. W. Woinoff or Woinon. 2. After reference 1260, Wolfer lists numerous observers, such as Kleiner, Heimen, Futh, Jokisch, Hachfeld, Wegener, Malsch, and others, without listing their observations. 1709 1709 2 WOLF, C., MAGDEBURG Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 49. (ref. 16) Wolf, C., 1730. Anfangsgrunde der Astronomie. Ausg. Comments: 1. Christopher Wolf. 1771 1781 4 WOLF, DIRSCHAU Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 76. (ref. 34 - Bode's Jahrbuch) 1848 1893 10026 WOLF, R., ZURICH Sources: Wolf, R., 1848. Sonnenflecken Beobachtungen. Mittheilungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Bern, No. 130, 169-173. Wolf, R., 1852. Sonnenflecken Beobachtungen. Wochentl. Unterhaltungen fur Freunde der Astronomie, 377-380. Wolf, R., 1854. Beobachtungen von Sonnenflecken im Jahre 1853 auf der Sternwarte in Bern. Wochentl. Unterhaltungen fur Freunde der Astronomie, 66-67. Wolf, R., 1855. Beobachtungen der Sonnenflecken in der Zweiten Halfte des Jahres 1854. Mittheilungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Bern, No. 56, 7-13. Wolf, R., 1855. Beobachtungen der Sonnenflecken in der ersten Halfte des Jahres 1855. Mittheilungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, No. 356, 201-203. Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 115. (ref. 42) Jahn, 1847-1856. Wochentl. Unterhaltungen fur Freunde der Astronomie, Leipzig and Halle. Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 143. (ref. 61) Wolf, R. Astron. Nachr., Nos. 756, 802, 820,839, 892, 935, 1005, 1043, 1064, 1077, 1091, 1110, 1132, 1160, 1181, and 1185. Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 178- 179. (ref. 102) Wolf, R., 1848-1849. Mitth. der naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Bern. Wolf, R., 1859. Sonnenfleckenbeobachtungen im Jahre 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 184. Wolf, R., 1859. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 293. (ref. 133 - MNRAS) Wolf, R., 1860. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 2. Wolf, R., 1861. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 69. Wolf, R., 1862. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 120. Wolf, R., 1863. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 134. Wolf, R., 1864. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 164- 165. Wolf, R., 1865. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 194- 195. Wolf, R., 1866. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 74-75. Wolf, R., 1869. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 154-155. Wolf, R., 1870. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 208-209. Wolf, R., 1871. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 287-302. Wolf, R., 1872. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 402-405. (ref. 274). Wolf, R., 1873. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 4, 110-112. (ref. 289). Wolf, R., 1874. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 4, 266-268. (ref. 313). Wolf, R., 1875. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 4, 394-395. (ref. 326). Wolf, R., 1876. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 4, 418-419. (ref. 335). Wolf, R., 1877. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 5, 49-51. (ref. 344). Wolf, R., 1878. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 5, 184-185. (ref. 365). Wolf, R., 1879. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 5, 250-252. (ref. 384). Wolf, R., 1880. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 5, 298-299. (ref. 410). Wolf, R., 1881. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 6, 50-51. (ref. 430). Wolf, R., 1882. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 6, 160-161. (ref. 453). Wolf, R., 1883. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 6, 337-338. (ref. 470). Wolf, R., 1884. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 7, 84-86. (ref. 488). Wolf, R., 1884. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 7, 158-159. (ref. 505). Wolf, R., 1886. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 7, 299-301. (ref. 522). Wolf, R., 1887. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 7, 349-350. (ref. 539). Wolf, R., 1888. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 16-17. (ref. 563). Wolf, R., 1889. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 109-110. (ref. 584). Wolf, R., 1890. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 226-227. (ref. 603). Wolf, R., 1891. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 295-297. (ref. 624). Wolf, R., 1892. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 380-382. (ref. 642). Wolf, R., 1893. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9, 53-54. (ref. 664). Wolfer, A., 1894. Wolfer's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,120-121. (ref. 685). Comments: 1. Johann Rudolf Wolf (1816-1893). 2. Wolf was a poor observer, missing smaller groups. On hazy days his group counts would drop markedly. Nonetheless, he is the primary observer used by Wolf for 1848-1893. 1880 1928 12536 WOLFER, ZURICH Sources: Wolf, R., 1881. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 6, 52-53. (ref. 431). Wolf, R., 1882. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 6, 162-163. (ref. 454). Wolf, R., 1883. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 6, 339-340. (ref. 471). Wolf, R., 1884. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 7, 86-87. (ref. 489). Wolf, R., 1884. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 7, 159-160. (ref. 506). Wolf, R., 1886. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 7, 301-302. (ref. 523). Wolf, R., 1887. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 7, 350-351. (ref. 540). Wolf, R., 1888. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 18-19. (ref. 564). Wolf, R., 1889. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 110-111. (ref. 585). Wolf, R., 1890. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 227-229. (ref. 604). Wolf, R., 1891. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 297-298. (ref. 625). Wolf, R., 1892. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 382-383. (ref. 643). Wolf, R., 1893. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9, 55-56. (ref. 665). Wolfer, A., 1894. Wolfer's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,121-122. (ref. 686). Wolfer, A., 1895. Wolfer's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,215-216. (ref. 702). Wolfer, A., 1896. Wolfer's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,244-245. (ref. 720). Wolfer, A., 1897. Wolfer's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,272. (ref. 739). Wolfer, A., 1898. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9, 296- 297. (ref. 757). Wolfer, A., 1899. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9, 324- 325.(ref. 777). Wolfer, A., 1900. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 12- 13. (ref. 800). Wolfer, A., 1901. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 30- 31. (ref. 820). Wolfer, A., 1902. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 64- 65. (ref. 843). Wolfer, A., 1903. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 107- 108. (ref. 865). Wolfer, A., 1904. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 161- 162. (ref. 889). Wolfer, A., 1905. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 180- 181. (ref. 914). Wolfer, A., 1906. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 220. (ref. 937). Wolfer, A., 1907. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 265. (ref. 963). Wolfer, A., 1908. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 298- 299. (ref. 988). Wolfer, A., 1909. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 10, 342- 343. (ref. 1014). Wolfer, A., 1910. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 12. (ref. 1041). Wolfer, A., 1911. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 42- 43. (ref. 1066). Wolfer, A., 1912. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 69- 70. (ref. 1090). Wolfer, A., 1913. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 99- 100. (ref. 1113). Wolfer, A., 1914. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 124- 125. (ref. 1134). Wolfer, A., 1915. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 172- 173. (ref. 1155). Wolfer, A., 1916. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 203- 204. (ref. 1176). Wolfer, A., 1917. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 229- 230. (ref. 1193). Wolfer, A., 1918. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 11, 253- 254. (ref. 1212). Wolfer, A., 1919. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 15. (ref. 1230). Wolfer, A., 1920. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 38- 39. (ref. 1251). Wolfer, A., 1921. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 58- 59. (ref. 1277). Wolfer, A., 1922. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 81- 82. (ref. 1320). Wolfer, A., 1923. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 102- 103. (ref. 1357). Wolfer, A., 1924. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 120- 121. (ref. 1399). Wolfer, A., 1925. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 142- 143. (ref. 1438). Wolfer, A., 1926. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 163. (ref. 1486). Brunner, W., 1927. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 189. (ref. 1537). Brunner, W., 1928. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 234. (ref. 1583). Brunner, W., 1929. Astronomische Mittheilungen, 12, 322-323. (ref. 1625). Comments: 1. Alfred Wolfer 1769 1769 1 WOLLASTON, F., LONDON Sources: Wolf, R., 1859. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 301. (ref. 137 - Phil. Trans.) Wollaston, F. Phil. Trans., 59. 1894 1894 139 WONASZEK, KIS-KARTAL Sources: Wolfer, A., 1895. Wolfer's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 9,228. (ref. 713). Comments: 1. A. Wonaszek. 1769 1769 1 WRIGHT, CANADA Sources: Clarke and Wright, 1780. Observation of solar eclipse. Mem. Am. Phil. Soc., 1, 143-145. Wright, 1769. Phil. Trans., 60. Comments: 1. Wolf missed this single eclipse observation seen at St. John's Island in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada. 1684 1718 952 WURZELBAUR, J.P., NUREMBERG Sources: Wolf, R., 1860. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 31- 38.(ref. 151 - Histoire de l'Academie royale des Sciences). Wurzelbauer, J. P., 1700. Histoire, p.123. Wurzelbauer, J. P., 1718. Histoire. Wurzelbauer, J. P., 1686. Observatio Venerii meridianum subexatis habita anno 1686. Manuscript. Royal Society Library, London. (also in Phil. Trans., No. 192). Spoerer, G., 1889. Uber die Periodicitat der Sonnenflecken seit dem jahre 1618. Nova Acta de Ksl. Leop.-Carol. Deutschen Akademie der naturforscher, 53, 3-44. Comments: 1. Wurzelbauer manuscript held by Zach (see Wolf, R., 1859. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 240. (ref. 126) and Zach, F. X., Correspondance Astronomique, 7. 2. J. P. Wurzelbauer (1651-1725). 1888 1890 326 YENDELL, P.S., BOSTON Sources: Wolf, R., 1889. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 125-126. (ref. 598). Wolf, R., 1890. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 248. (ref. 621). Yendell, P. S., 1889. Sunspot observations, October 1888 to February 1889. Astronomical Journal, No. 188, 160. Yendell, P. S., 1889. Sunspot observations, February to November, 1889. Astronomical Journal, No. 205, 99-100. Yendell, P. S., 1890. Sunspot observations, November 1889 to April 1890. Astronomical Journal, No. 217, 7. Comments: 1. Paul S. Yendell. 1820 1820 1 ZACH, F.X., GOTHA Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 120. (ref. 59) Zach, F. X., Monatliche Correspondenz, 8. Wolf, R., 1859. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 240. (ref. 126) Zach, F. X., 1820. Correspondance Astronomique, 4. Zinner, E., 1952. Altere Beobachtungen von Sonnenflecken. Naturforschende Gesellschaft Bamberg, 33, 36-37. Comments: 1. Franz Xavier Von Zach (1754-1832). 2. The Correspondance Astronomique reference is Zach's observation of no spots on the sun. 1949 1950 ?? ZAGREB OBSERVATORY Sources: Zagreb, 1949-1950. Geofiziki zavod. Montrenja suncevih pjega. Bulletin of Sunspot Observations. Comments: 1. We are aware that these observations exist, but have not located a copy of them. 1632 1632 366 ZAHN, J., NUREMBERG Sources: Wolf, R., 1880. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 5, 294-295. (ref. 403). Sources: Zahn, J., 1696. Specula Physico-mathematico-historica notabilium ac Mirabilium Sciendorum, etc., Norimbergae, Literis Knorzianis, 3 vols. Comments: 1. Wolf missed Zahn's comment about no spots on the sun in 1632. Zahn is probably basing his statement on observations by Marius. 2. Johann Zahn (1641-1707). 1739 1753 5 ZANOTTI, E., BONONIA Sources: Zanotti, E., 1739-1753. Bonoiensi Scientiarum et Artum Instituto Atque Academia Commentarii. Zanotti, E., 1737-1739. Astronomical observations at Bologna. British Library, London. Zanotti, E., 1757. Solar disk drawing of July 25, 1748. Bononiensi Scientiarum et Artum Instituto Atque Academia Commentarii, 4, 325-328. Zanotti, E., 1755. Solar disk drawing of Jan 8, 1750. Bononiensi Scientiarum et Artum Instituto Atque Academia Commentarii, 3, 358. Comments: 1. Wolf did not examine this journal and so missed these observations. 2. Two full disk drawings are in these papers. 1779 1781 3 ZENO, P., PRAGUE Sources: Wolf, R., 1861. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 2, 127- 128. (ref. 171). Bohm, 1861. Letter to Wolf. 1788 1788 1 ZOLLINGER, INNSBRUCK Sources: Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 154. (ref. 84) Ephemerides ad Meridianum Vindobonensem, 1792. 1891 1891 282 ZONA, PALERMO Sources: Wolf, R., 1892. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 8, 398-399. (ref. 656). 1754 1760 899 ZUCCONI, L., VENICE Sources: Wolf, R., 1857. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 64- 68. Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 144. (ref. 61) Wolf, R. Astron. Nachr., No. 1091. Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 179. (ref. 105) Zucconi, L., 1760. De Heliometri structura et usu. Venetiis, 51 pp., 21 plates. Wolf, R., 1866. Wolf's Astronomische Mittheilungen, 3, 240-247. Comments: 1. Ludivico Zucconi (1706-1783). 1761 1764 2 ZURCH (JOURNAL NAME) Sources: Wolf, R., 1858. Mitth. uber die Sonnenflecken, 1, 146. (ref. 70) Zurch. Naturf. Gesellsch. zugehorenden Manuscripten.